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1、英美文学课程论文英美文学课程论文Hemingways Views on War in “For Whom the Bell Tolls”丧钟为谁而鸣丧钟为谁而鸣中海明威的战争中海明威的战争观观ByGuo XinCLASS: 0702Foreign Languages DepartmentXian University of Finance thats the sadness they get before they quit or before they betray; that is the sadness that comes before the sell-out. Pablo does
2、 not have the revolutionary zeal as he used to, he do not have the courage to fight any more. “They are very strong; you do not realize how strong they are. I see them always stronger always better armed. Always with more material. Here am I with horses like these. And what can I look forward to? To
3、 be hunted and to die. Nothing more.” Pablo endeavor to protect his place to be undisturbed and ignore the interests of this war and his country. So he established his own principle of the fox. “If it is in this territory, it is my business. You cannot blow bridges close to where you live. You must
4、live in one place and operate in another.” “Every one has to do what he can do according to how it can be truly done,” he said. “I live here and I operate beyond Segovia. If you make a disturbance here, we will be hunted out of these mountains. It is only by doing nothing here that we are able to li
5、ve in these 3mountains. It is the principle of the fox.”Pablo was tired of being hunted, and he just want to stay still where they now in, he do not want any changes there. He was seeking temporary ease. “I am tired of being hunted. Here we are all right. Now if you blow a bridge here, we will be hu
6、nted. If they know we are here and hunt for us with planes, they will find us. If they send Moors to hunt us out, they will find us and we must go. I am tired of all this. You hear?” Pablo just wants to protect himself, his place and his people. He is no longer a hero as he used to be, he became laz
7、y, a drunkard and a coward. “To me, now, the most important is that we be not disturbed here. To me, now, my duty is to those who are with me and to myself.” We can see this in the conversation between Pablo and his wife. Pablo said:” I am for the good and the safety of all.” “Safety,” the wife of P
8、ablo said. “There is no such thing as safety. There are so many seeking safeties here now that they make a great danger. In seeking safety now you lose all.” Pablo argued:” Within the danger there is the safety of knowing what chances to take. It is like the bullfighter who knowing what he is doing,
9、 takes no chances and is safe.”2.1.2 Anselmos caseAnselmo was a very good man and whenever he was alone for long, and he was alone much of the time, this problem of the killing returned to him. Because of his kind heart, Anselmo struggled to kill people; he does not like to kill people. “I hope I am
10、 not for the killing.” “Of the killing of a man, who is a man as we are, there is nothing good that remains.” To him, it is a great sin to kill people even the Fascists whom they must kill. He was against all killing of people. To take the life of another is to him very grave. Anselmo shows uneasy f
11、eeling to kill people.At the same time, he also shows sympathy to the soldiers who will later be killed, “I have watched them all day and they are the same men that we are. It is only orders that come between us. Those men are not fascists. I call them so, but they are not. They are poor men as we a
12、re. They should never be fighting against us and I do not like to think of the killing.”Anselmo put forward a solution to enemies instead of killing them. “I would not kill even a Bishop. I would not kill a proprietor of any kind. I would make them work each day as we have worked in the fields and a
13、s we work in the mountains with the timbet all of the rest of their lives. So they would see what man is born to. That they should sleep where we sleep. That they should eat as we eat. But above all that they should work. Thus they would learn.” “To kill them teaches 4nothing,” Anselmo said. “You ca
14、nnot exterminate them because from their seed comes more with greater hatred. Prison is nothing. Prison only makes hatred. That all our enemies should learn.”Since there is a war, since to win a war we must kill our enemies, Anselmo would kill enemies certainly, but not with pleasure, and he also th
15、ink out means to atone and fix it up. “If I live later, I will try to live in such a way, doing no harm to any one, that it will be forgiven.” “I think that after the war there will have to be some great penance done for the killing. If we no longer have religion after the war then I think there mus
16、t be some form of civic penance organized that all may be cleansed from the killing or else we will never have a true and human basis for living. The killing is necessary, I know, but still the doing of it is very bad for a man and I think that, after all this is over and we have won the war, there must be a penance of some kind for the cleansing of us all.” “But I think any one doing it will be brutalized in time and I think that even though necessary, it is a great sin and that after
