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1、 The American College of Radiology, with more than 30,000 members, is the principal organization of radiologists, radiation oncologists, and clinical medical physicists in the United States. The College is a nonprofit professional society whose primary purposes are to advance the science of radiolog
2、y, improve radiologic services to the patient, study the socioeconomic aspects of the practice of radiology, and encourage continuing education for radiologists, radiation oncologists, medical physicists, and persons practicing in allied professional fields. The American College of Radiology will pe
3、riodically define new practice guidelines and technical standards for radiologic practice to help advance the science of radiology and to improve the quality of service to patients throughout the United States. Existing practice guidelines and technical standards will be reviewed for revision or ren
4、ewal, as appropriate, on their fifth anniversary or sooner, if indicated. Each practice guideline and technical standard, representing a policy statement by the College, has undergone a thorough consensus process in which it has been subjected to extensive review, requiring the approval of the Commi
5、ssion on Quality and Safety as well as the ACR Board of Chancellors, the ACR Council Steering Committee, and the ACR Council. The practice guidelines and technical standards recognize that the safe and effective use of diagnostic and therapeutic radiology requires specific training, skills, and tech
6、niques, as described in each document. Reproduction or modification of the published practice guideline and technical standard by those entities not providing these services is not authorized. Revised 2010 (Resolution 22)* ACRNASCISPR PRACTICE GUIDELINE FOR THE PERFORMANCE OF PEDIATRIC AND ADULT BOD
7、Y MAGNETIC RESONANCE ANGIOGRAPHY (MRA)PREAMBLE These guidelines are an educational tool designed to assist practitioners in providing appropriate radiologic care for patients. They are not inflexible rules or requirements of practice and are not intended, nor should they be used, to establish a lega
8、l standard of care. For these reasons and those set forth below, the American College of Radiology cautions against the use of these guidelines in litigation in which the clinical decisions of a practitioner are called into question. The ultimate judgment regarding the propriety of any specific proc
9、edure or course of action must be made by the physician or medical physicist in light of all the circumstances presented. Thus, an approach that differs from the guidelines, standing alone, does not necessarily imply that the approach was below the standard of care. To the contrary, a conscientious
10、practitioner may responsibly adopt a course of action different from that set forth in the guidelines when, in the reasonable judgment of the practitioner, such course of action is indicated by the condition of the patient, limitations of available resources, or advances in knowledge or technology s
11、ubsequent to publication of the guidelines. However, a practitioner who employs an approach substantially different from these guidelines is advised to document in the patient record information sufficient to explain the approach taken. The practice of medicine involves not only the science, but als
12、o the art of dealing with the prevention, diagnosis, alleviation, and treatment of disease. The variety and complexity of human conditions make it impossible to always reach the most appropriate diagnosis or to predict with certainty a particular response to treatment. Therefore, it should be recogn
13、ized that adherence to these guidelines will not assure an accurate diagnosis or a successful outcome. All that should be expected is that the practitioner will follow a reasonable course of action based on current knowledge, available resources, and the needs of the patient to deliver effective and
14、 safe medical care. The sole purpose of these guidelines is to assist practitioners in achieving this objective. I. INTRODUCTION This guideline was revised collaboratively by the American College of Radiology (ACR), the North American Society for Cardiovascular Imaging (NASCI), and the Society for P
15、ediatric Radiology (SPR). Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) is a proven and useful tool for the evaluation, assessment of severity, and follow-up of diseases of the vascular system. Contrast- enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE-MRA) has been shown to be equivalent to conventional angiography
16、in the evaluation of diseases of many portions of the vascular system and for pretreatment planning1-5. In addition, it is less expensive, less invasive, and lacks ionizing radiation exposure. Despite its proven efficacy, MRA remains an evolving amalgam of different techniques. Consequently, only general recommendations can be made regarding imaging protocols. Detailed protocols have been omitted to avoid promoting obsolete methodology.
