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1、摘 要本文介绍了单片机控制步进电机的系统。在电气时代的今天，电动机一直在现代化的生产和生活中起着十分重要的作用。步进电机是机电控制中一种常用的执行机构， 其原理是通过对它每相线圈中的电流和顺序切换来使电机作步进式旋转。本系统的硬件组成主要有：51 系列单片机、L298N 驱动电路、直流电压源等。同时对系统设计中所用到的一些软件都进行了介绍。本系统用 51 系列单片机和 L298N 电机驱动芯片并加入了键盘来控制步进电机实现转向、转速等。系统中使用的是永磁式二相步进电机，相应的驱动和控制电路对于其整体性能起着非常重要的作用。经系统调试，能够很好的控制步进电机的正反转、加减速、急停，从而达到预期目
2、的。整个系统具有结构简单、可靠性高、成本低和实用性强等特点，具有较高的通用性和应用推广价值。关键词：51 系列单片机；L298N 驱动电路；正反转；急停AbstractThis paper, we introduces a stepper motor system which controlled by SCM. In the Electrical era today, Motor has been playing a very important role in the modernization of production and life. Stepper motor is a comm
3、on used implementing agency in motor control. The principle is by switching the coil current and the order in its each phase to make a step-by-step rotary motor. The hardware of the system including: 51 series SCM, L298N driving circuit, DC voltage source , etc. At the same time some of the software
4、 that used in system designing are introduced. The system used 51 SCM and L298N motor drive chip and joined the keyboard to control the stepper motor to achieve the direction and speed of rotation, etc. A Permanent Magnet two-phase stepper motor is used in the system. The corresponding drive and con
5、trol circuit plays a very important role to its overall performance. Though system testing, it can be very convenient to control the stepper motor, such as acceleration , deceleration, exigency stop so as to achieve the desired objectives. The whole system is simple in structure with characteristics
6、 of high reliability, low cost and practicality which has a higher universal characteristic and the promotional and applied value.Keywords: 51 SCM; L298N driving circuit; Positive and reversal rotation; ExigencyIII目 录1 绪论.1 1.1技术概述.1 1.2本课题的背景和意义.2 1.3本设计完成的工作.3 2 单片机控制步进电机系统简介.4 2.1单片机系统概述.4 2.2AT8
7、9C51 功能概述.4 2.2.1引脚功能说明.5 2.2.2时钟振荡器.7 2.3步进电机概述.7 3 常用软件基础知识.9 3.1C 语言程序设计概述.9 3.1.1C 语言出现的历史背景.9 3.1.2C 语言的特点.10 3.2Keil 编译器软件简介.12 3.2.1使用 Keil 软件建立一个工程.13 3.2.2使用 Debug 进行调试.17 3.3STC-ISP 软件介绍 .19 3.3.1程序烧写过程.19 4 系统概述及设计.22 4.1整体结构.22 4.2系统作用.22 4.3系统应用.22 5 硬件设计.23 5.1硬件设计原则.23 5.2MCU 最小系统电路设计.23 5.2.1复位电路设计.24 5.2.2时钟电路设计.24 5.2.3上拉电阻的作用.25 5.3L298N 驱动电路设计 .25 5.3.1L298N 芯片简介 .26 5.3.2MAX-232 电路设计.26 5.3.3MAX-232 芯片简介.26 5.4
