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1、 聚苯胺论文：聚苯胺聚苯胺论文：聚苯胺/ /碳复合材料的制备与储能应用碳复合材料的制备与储能应用【中文摘要】电化学超级电容器(ESC)是近年来发展起来的一种介于传统电容器和蓄电池之间的一种新型储能元件,它具有比容量高、充放电速率快、效率高,对环境无污染,循环寿命长,使用范围广等特点。电极材料的选择对电化学电容器的制备至关重要,将碳材料与聚苯胺复合可以克服彼此的缺点,并能大大提高比容量。本文主要研究了聚苯胺/碳复合材料的制备及电化学性能。并采用透射电镜、扫描电镜等测试手段,对材料形貌进行了表征；采用循环伏安、恒电流充放电、循环寿命等电化学测试手段来测试材料的电化学性能。具体研究内容如下：1.对
2、ACF 浸渍催化剂处理,然后通过化学气相沉积法(CVD)在 ACF 表面原位生长 CNT,得到 ACF/CNT 复合材料,再与聚苯胺(PANI)复合,制备出 CNT/ACF/PANI 复合材料,通过电化学性能测试表明,CNT/ACF/PANI 复合材料具有比容量大,循环稳定性好等特点,其比容量可达到 158.5Fg-1(有机电解液)。2.分别采用过滤法、界面静置法和喷涂法,将粉末状的 CNT 制备成碳纳米管网前驱体,探究各种因素对其导电性和力学性能的影响,确定最佳的制备方案。3.对碳纳米管网前驱体进行一系列的后续处理,得到碳纳米管网,再分别与聚苯胺复合,制得聚苯胺/碳纳米管网前驱体复合材料和聚
3、苯胺碳纳米管网复合材料,电化学性能测试表明,聚苯胺/碳纳米管网复合材料具有更大的比容量、更稳定的循环性能等特性,聚苯胺/碳纳米管网复合材料的比容量可达到 143.2 Fg-1(有机电解液)。【英文摘要】In recent years, Electrochemical Super Capacitor (ESC) has been developing as a kind of new focused energy storage devices for their novel properties. These properties include high specific capacity,
4、 quick charging and discharging rate, high efficiency, environmental friendly, long life cycle and widely using fields. Electrode material selection is critical to the preparation of electrochemical capacitor, preparing carbon material and Polyaniline to be composite material could conquer the disad
5、vantages of each other, and increase the specific capacitance.This paper mainly studied the preparation of polyaniline/carbon composites and their electrochemical properties. Morphology of the obtained composites were characterized by transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscopy
6、, and the electrochemical performances of the obtained materials were tested by the cyclic voltammograms, galvanostatic charging/discharging, cycles life. Specific studies are as follows:1. First, ACF was immersed in the catalyst solution, and then situ grew CNT on the surface of ACF by chemical vap
7、or deposition(CVD), which obtained the ACF/CNT composite, at last the CNT/ACF/PANI composite was prepared by compounding the obtained material with polyaniline(PANI). The electrochemical tests show that CNT/ACF /PANI composite has a larger specific capacity and good cycle stability, and its specific
8、 capacity can reach 158.5Fg-1(organic electrolyte).2. By filtration method, interface aside law and spraying respectively, the CNT network precursor was prepared using powder of CNT, then explored the various factors on its electrical conductivity and mechanical properties, at last determined the op
9、timal preparative scheme.3. The CNT network was obtained by a series of follow-up processing of the CNT network precursor treatment, PANI/CNT network precursor composite and PANI/CNT network composite were prepared by compounding PANI with the CNT network precursor and the CNT network respectively.
10、The electrochemical tests indicate that PANI/CNT network composite has a larger specific capacity and better cycle stability, and their specific capacity can reach 143.2Fg-1(organic electrolyte).【关键词】聚苯胺 碳纳米管 活性碳纤维 碳纳米管网 电化学性能 比容量【英文关键词】polyaniline carbon nanotube activated carbon fiber carbon nanot
11、ube network electrochemical performance specific capacity【目录】聚苯胺/碳复合材料的制备与储能应用 摘要 7-8 Abstract 8 第 1 章 绪论 12-28 1.1 聚苯胺 12-18 1.1.1 导电聚苯胺的产生 12-13 1.1.2 聚苯胺的结构性质 13-15 1.1.3 聚苯胺的聚合机理 15-16 1.1.4 聚苯胺的导电机理 16 1.1.5 聚苯胺的掺杂机理 16-17 1.1.6 聚苯胺的合成方法 17 1.1.7 聚苯胺的应用领域 17-18 1.2 碳基材料 18-22 1.2.1 碳基材料分类 18-19
12、 1.2.2 活性碳纤维的结构和性质 19-20 1.2.2.1 活性碳纤维的结构 19-20 1.2.2.2 活性碳纤维的性质 20 1.2.3 碳纳米管的结构和性质 20-22 1.2.3.1 碳纳米管的结构 20-21 1.2.3.2 碳纳米管的性质 21-22 1.3 聚苯胺/碳材料的研究进展及储能应用 22-26 1.3.1 聚苯胺/碳纤维复合材料 22-23 1.3.2 聚苯胺/碳纳米管复合材料 23-26 1.4 本文的设计思路及主要内容 26-28 1.4.1 设计思路 26-27 1.4.2 主要内容 27-28 第 2 章 实验部分 28-33 2.1 实验药品及仪器 28
13、-29 2.2 超级电容器模具的设计 29 2.3 复合材料电极片的制作 29-30 2.4 超级电容器的组装 30 2.5 复合材料的表征及性能测试 30-33 2.5.1 透射电镜分析(TEM) 30-31 2.5.2 扫描电镜分析(SEM) 31 2.5.3 电化学性能测试 31 2.5.4 双电测四探针测试仪原理 31-33 第 3 章 聚苯胺/碳复合材料的制备及其电化学性能研究 33-42 3.1 实验部分 33-34 3.1.1 ACF 及 ACF/CNT 材料的制备 34 3.1.2 ACF/PANI 及 ACF/CNT/PANI 复合材料的制备 34 3.2 结果与讨论 34-
14、41 3.2.1 材料的形貌结构分析 34-36 3.2.2 材料的循环伏安分析 36-38 3.2.3 材料的恒流充放电分析 38-40 3.2.4 材料的循环寿命分析 40-41 3.3 本章小结 41-42 第 4 章 碳纳米管网前驱体的制备及表征 42-52 4.1 实验部分 42-43 4.1.1 碳纳米管的制备 42-43 4.1.2 碳纳米管的纯化 43 4.2 碳纳米管网前驱体的制备 43-46 4.2.1 过滤法制备碳纳米管网前驱体 44 4.2.2 界面静置法制备碳纳米管网前驱体 44-45 4.2.3 喷涂法制备碳纳米管网前驱体 45-46 4.3 碳纳米管网前驱体的表征
15、及性能测试 46-51 4.3.1 过滤法制备碳纳米管网前驱体的形貌表征 46-47 4.3.2 过滤法制备碳纳米管网前驱体的电学性能 47-50 4.3.3 过滤法制备碳纳米管网前驱体的力学性能 50-51 4.4 本章小结 51-52 第 5 章 聚苯胺/碳纳米管网复合材料的制备及表征 52-62 5.1 实验部分 52-58 5.1.1 碳纳米管网前驱体的后续处理过程 52-53 5.1.1.1 浸渍法处理碳纳米管网前驱体 52-53 5.1.1.2 高温热处理碳纳米管网前驱体 53 5.1.2 浸渍时间和高温热处理时间对碳纳米管网前驱体导电性能的影响 53-56 5.1.2.1 浸渍时间对碳纳米管网前驱体导电性能的影响 53-55 5.1.2.2 高温热处理时间对碳纳米管网前驱体导电性能的影响 55-56 5.1.3 碳纳米管
