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1、 学苑中心培训系列教材 内部资料，翻版必究 智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第 1 页 高考语法要点总结高考语法要点总结 一非谓语动词一非谓语动词 一不定式：一不定式： 一）不定式的常考形式：一）不定式的常考形式： 1) 一般形式：He decided to work harder in order to catch up with the others. 被动形式: He preferred to be assigned some heavier work to do. 语法功能：语法功能： 表示与谓语动词同步发生表示与谓语动词同步发生 2) 完成形式：He pretended
2、not to have seen me. 被动形式：The book is said to have been translated into many languages. 语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前语法功能：表示发生在谓语动词之前 二）不定式常考的考点：二）不定式常考的考点： 1）不定式做定语）不定式做定语-将要发生将要发生 2）不定式做状语）不定式做状语-目的目的 3）不定式充当名词功能）不定式充当名词功能-To see is to believe. 三三)不定式的省略不定式的省略 1)感官动词感官动词 see, watch, observe, notice, look at, h
3、ear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do 表示动作的完整性，真实性； + doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性 I saw him work in the garden yesterday. 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调“我看见了“这个事实) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。（强调“我见他正干活“这个动作） ? 感官动词后面接形容词而不是副词：The cake tastes good; It feels comfortable. 2) 使役动词使役动词 have bid
4、make let 等词后不定式要省略但同等词后不定式要省略但同 1)一样被动以后要还原一样被动以后要还原 to I d like to have John do it. I have my package weighed. Paul doesnt have to be made to learn. 3) help help sb do help sb to do help do help to do 四四)有些动词后只跟不定式如：有些动词后只跟不定式如： want，wish，hope，manage，promise，refuse，pretend，plan， offer，decide，agree，
5、expect allow sb to do, cause sb to do , permit sb to do, enable sb to do force sb to do. be more likely to do love to do warn sb to do be able to do 学苑中心培训系列教材 内部资料，翻版必究 智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第 2 页 be ambitious to do. begin to do . start to do We agreed _ here，but so far she hasnt turned up yet（NMET
6、 1995） Ahaving met Bmeeting Cto meet Dto have met （Key：C） 五五) 有的时候有的时候 to 后面要接后面要接-ing 形式形式 accustom (oneself) to; be accustomed to; face up to; in addition to; look forward to; object to; be reduced to; resign oneself to; be resigned to; resort to; sink to; be used to; be alternative to; be close/c
7、loseness to; be dedication/dedicated to; be opposition/opposed to; be similarity/similar to. 三、三、need/want 后的后的-ing 形式具有被动的意思。其中，形式具有被动的意思。其中，want 不太常用。不太常用。 He needs (a lot of) encouraging. 二二. 动名词：动名词： 具有动作性特征的名词具有动作性特征的名词 1)是名词 seeing is believing 2)具有动词性特征可以带宾语 starving troops is necessary. 一一)动
8、名词的形式动名词的形式: 一般形式：I dont like you smoking. 完成形式：I regret not having taken your advice. 被动形式：This question is far from being settled. 二二) 动名词常考的点动名词常考的点 1)动名词做主语谓语动词为单数动名词做主语谓语动词为单数 2)在动名词和不定式中在动名词和不定式中,做为介词的宾语是动名词做为介词的宾语是动名词 3)动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词,通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语. I
9、would appreciate_ back this afternoon（MET 1992） Ayou to call Byou call Cyou calling Dyoure calling（Key：C your calling 也对） I regret not having taken your advice. 4)有些词后只能接动名词有些词后只能接动名词 admit; appreciate; avoid; celebrate; consider; contemplate; defer; delay; deny; detest; discontinue; dislike; disput
10、e; enjoy; it entails; escape; excuse; explain; fancy; feel like; finish; forgive; cant help; hinder; imagine; it involves; keep; it means; mention; mind; miss; it necessitates; pardon; postpone; practice; prevent; recall; report; resent; resist; risk; suggest; understand. 另外还有一些接-ing 形式的常用说法： its no
11、 good; its no/little/hardly any/ use; its not/hardly/scarcely use; its worthwhile; spend money/time; theres no; theres no point in; theres nothing worse than; whats the use/point. 5 有些词后加不定式和动名词均可有些词后加不定式和动名词均可 remember, forget, try, stop, go on, cease, mean 后面用不定式和后面用不定式和-ing 形式，意义截然不容。形式，意义截然不容。 I
12、 remembered to post the letters. (指未来/过去未来的动作) I remembered posting/having posting the letters (我记得这个动作) 学苑中心培训系列教材 内部资料，翻版必究 智力服务于中国，提高企业与个人整体竞争力 第 3 页 forgot 与 remember 的用法类似。 I regret to inform you that 我很遗憾地通知你 I regretted having left the firm after twenty years. 为了“二十年前的离开“而遗憾。 try to 努力 You r
13、eally must try to overcome your shyness. try ing 试验 Try practicing five hours a day. I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to. 打算、想我想去，但我父亲不让我去。 To raise wage means increasing purchasing power. 意味着赠加工资意味着增加购买力。 prefer 的用法： 我宁愿在这里等。 I prefer to wait here. （所以啊，你不介意的话，我就等下去。） I prefer waiting
14、 here.（我正在这里等，我就喜欢这么做。） I prefer swimming to cycling. （这个句子里面就不能用不定式了。） The light in the office is still on Oh，I forgot _ （MET 1991） Aturning it off Bturn it off Cto turn it off Dhaving turned it off （Key：C） You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting Well，now I regret _ that（NMET 1995）
15、 Ato do Bto be doing Cto have done Dhaving done（Key：D） 3 分词：分词： 现在分词主动进行,过去分词被动状态 现在分词的形式: 1)一般式: Do you see the man talking to the dean（主任）? (与谓语动词同步发生与谓语动词同步发生) 2)完成形式：Not having made adequate preparations, they failed. (发生谓语动词之前发生谓语动词之前) 3)完成被动形式：Having been adapted, the script seems perfect.( 发生谓语动词之前且表示被动发生谓语动词之前且表示被动) 过去分词 1) 过去分词表示被动：Fight no battle unprepared. 2)过去分词的进行形式：Youll find the
