《从马克西莫夫的“马训班”和罗工柳的“油研班”的油画教学思想看当今中国高校油画教学》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《从马克西莫夫的“马训班”和罗工柳的“油研班”的油画教学思想看当今中国高校油画教学（67页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、广西师范大学硕士学位论文从马克西莫夫的“马训班”和罗工柳的“油研班”的油画教学 思想看当今中国高校油画教学姓名：易莉莉申请学位级别：硕士专业：课程与教学论指导教师：帅民风20070401III 从马克西莫夫的“马训班”和罗工柳的“油研班”从马克西莫夫的“马训班”和罗工柳的“油研班” 的油画教学思想看当今中国高校油画教学的油画教学思想看当今中国高校油画教学 研究生：易莉莉 导师：帅民风 专业：课程与教学论 方向：美术课程与教学 年级：2004 摘摘 要要 中国油画的创作与教学至今已有百余年的历史了，回顾这一百多年来的历程，马克西莫夫的“马训班”和罗工柳的“油研班”在中国百年来油画事业的发展中做出
2、了突出贡献，培养了大批优秀的油画教育工作者，如今他们已成为中国油画教育事业的核心和中坚力量。马克西莫夫的“马训班”和罗工柳的“油研班”是在不同的时代背景下产生的，比较和研究二者的油画教学思想的共同规律和各自的特点，对今天的中国高校油画教学有着重要的借鉴和参考意义。 “马训班”和“油研班”的油画教学思想既有区别也有共同的东西。区别是罗工柳的“油研班”明确提出向中国优秀传统学习，提倡个性多样化和油画民族化，这是 “油研班”区别于 “马训班”教学思想中最明显的地方；相同的地方是它们都属于俄苏美术教育体系，重视艺术规律和技法训练，强调艺术与生活的联系。俄苏美术教育体系对中国的油画事业的贡献是巨大的，然
3、而，随着时代的发展和西方油画艺术的大量引进，一些人开始对俄苏美术教育体系的作用产生了种种怀疑甚至否定，在二十一世纪中国油画教育的发展是否仍需向俄苏学习的看法上，出现了不同的声音。有些人对当年学习苏联美术持否定的观点，认为当年学习苏联美术是一种失误，否定契斯恰科夫教学法；有些人认为俄苏的美术教育体系与意大利、法国等欧洲国家相比太保守；有些人认为俄苏高等院校的美术教学体系落后了等等。文章针对上述种种观点提出了自己的看法，指出俄苏美术教育是中国历史的选择，其思想对今天中国的油画教学和创作仍然有着很大的借鉴意义。当然，俄苏美术教育体系还是有它的不足的，但是必须抱着严谨的学术态度去认真思考和分析。中国目
4、前的高校油画教学中存在的种种问题，有很多是我们对俄苏美术教育体系的认识和理解不够造成的，不能将其归罪于俄苏美术教育体系，更不能归罪于“马训班”和“油研班”的教学思想和教学模式。 针对目前中国油画教学中存在的问题，一方面提出来要继承“马训班”和“油研班”好的教学思想和教学模式，如重视培养创造性思维；尊重学生个性和艺术风格的培养；常IV 规施教与因材施教相结合；重视油画基本功和基本技法的训练以及加强示范性教学手段等；另一方面提出要吸收当今西方油画教育中适合中国国情的优秀教学思想和教学模式，如正确理解生活的概念，拓宽艺术创作的素材领域；重视绘画技法的多样式、油画材料的发现和运用、综合材料的实验与教学
5、等。 本论文的重点是通过分析“马训班”和“油研班”的教学思想来探讨俄苏油画教学模式的价值并对今天的油画教学改革提出建议。因此文章第二、三、四、五、六部分都是重点。 本论文有三个创新点：一是对“马训班”和“油研班”的教学方法及教学思想进行提炼、总结和比较。在笔者检索的范围内，还未曾见到过有类似的文献。二是论述角度的创新。分析今天中国油画教学中的问题的文章很多，对油画教学改革的论述也不鲜见，但是从探讨“马训班”和“油研班”的教学方法和教学思想的角度来分析今天中国油画教学中的问题，还属首次。三是有一部分人把今天油画教学中存在的问题都归罪于俄苏式油画教学模式，本人通过对“马训班”和“油研班”的教学分析
6、，认为恰恰相反：今天油画教学中存在的很多问题是不能归罪于俄苏式教学模式的，之所以产生这些问题是由于我们未能正确地理解俄苏式教学模式的真谛。同时通过对“马训班”和“油研班”的教学方法和思想的分析、比较，认为俄苏式油画教学模式对当今中国油画教学仍有许多可取之处，我们今天在油画教学中务必既要借鉴又要有所发展。 关键词关键词：马训班 油研班 俄苏美术教育体系 高校油画教学 V Thinking the Education of the Chinese Canvas at University from the Teaching Classes of K.M Maximov and of Luo Gon
7、gLiu Abstract The creations and teachings of the Chinese canvas have been more than 100 years. Review the process of these years, the teaching classes of K.M Maximov and of Luo GongLiu have made outstanding contribution in the Chinese canvas career, and have developed the excellent canvas educators
8、of large quantity. Nowadays, they have been the core and central power of the Chinese canvas career. The teaching classes of K.M Maximov and of Luo GongLiu came into being in different background. So it is very important to todays teaching of canvas at university that compare and research the common
9、 and different characters of the two classes. The differentiations of the two classes are that the teaching class of Luo GongLiu brought forward to study from the Chinese excellent culture definitely and advocated the character diversification and the canvas nationalization which is most obvious dif
10、ference between the two teaching classes. The sameness of the two classes are that they all belonged to the Russian art education system and all emphasized the law of art and skill training and all emphasized the relations between art and life. The Russian art education system has made great contrib
11、utions to the Chinese canvas career. However, with the development of the ages and the introduction of the western canvas arts, someone begin to doubt the effect of the Russian art education system. There are different voices on whether should the China still to study from the Russia in 21 centuries
12、. Some persons hold a negative view to study from the Soviets art in those years thinking that it was a kind of error to study from the Soviets art. They also thought that the Russian art education system lagged behind other European countries such as Italy, French, etc. The article put forward its
13、viewpoints to above-mentioned various standpoints, pointing out that it was the choice of the Chinese history and that it still has great meanings to the education and creation of the Chinese canvas career today. Certainly, the Russian art education system still has its shortage, but must to researc
14、h and analyze in careful academic attitude. There are many problems in the Chinese canvas teaching, but many of them are caused by the insufficient understanding and incomprehension to the Russian art education system. We can not blame on VI the Russian art education system , even can not lay the bl
15、ame on the teaching thoughts and the education modes of the two teaching class. Aim at the problem of nowadays canvas teaching of the China , the author bring forward that not only to inherit the good teaching thoughts and the education modes of the teaching classes of K.M Maximov and of Luo GongLiu
16、 , such as attach importance to creative thought; respect the students character and the art style; combine together the normal teaching with teach according to his ability; pay much attention to the training of basic ability and skill ; strengthen the demonstrative teaching method, etc., but also to absorb the excellent thoughts and methods in western canvas education which are fit to the Chinese situation, such as correctly understand the concept of life; extend the ma
