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1、浅析游梁式抽油机减速箱漏油问题浅析游梁式抽油机减速箱漏油问题摘要:游梁式抽油机是石油开采工程中应用最多、最重要的设备之一,减速箱是游梁式抽油机的重要设备,减速器长期在野外运转,油质变差、内部润滑油道堵塞等原因会造成润滑油的渗漏,文章通过对漏油部位和原因的分析,提出改进措施,以延长减速器的使用寿命。减速器漏油是一个普遍而又后果较严重的问题,因此,文章针对这个问题进行了探讨。The beam pumping unit is most used in oil drilling engineering, one of the most important equipment, reducer is a
2、n important device of beam pumping unit, the speed reducer running in the field for a long time, the oil quality is poor, internal lubricating oil road congestion and other reasons can cause oil leakage, the article through the analysis of the leak position and reasons, put forward the improvement m
3、easures, in order to prolong the service life of gear reducer. Speed reducer leakage is a common and serious consequences of the problem, therefore, in this paper, the problems are discussed in this paper.关键词:减速箱;漏油;原因分析;技术改进Key words: reducer; Oil spills; Root cause analysis; Technical improvementh
4、ttp:/ 等系列减速器,它是抽油机系统中最重要的设备之一。作用是将电动机的高速转动通过三轴两极减速变为输出轴的低速转动,从而带动整个抽油机系统运转。减速器采用油浴润滑,齿轮从油池浸油润滑,轴承靠飞溅润滑,其特点是承受载荷大,适应长期的野外运转,但由于各种原因影响,会造成各个部分发生漏油,这不仅影响了其本身的正常工作,也增加了日常的管理和维修工作量。Gear reducer is to put the power machine and working machine to connect in the mechanical transmission, through different to
5、oth form and tooth number of gear transmission in different series, realize the fixed velocity ratio reduction (or rate) of mechanical transmission device, the deceleration reducer referred to. Currently widely used oil field pumping units have, CJH, ZLH and JS series reducer, it is one of the most
6、important equipment in pumping unit system. Role is to the high-speed rotation of the motor through the triaxial poles slowdown into output shaft rotation at low speed, thus promote the pumping unit system operation. Gear reducer lubrication oil bath, oil pool leaching oil lubrication, bearing on sp
7、lash lubrication, its characteristic is under load, adapt to long-term field operation, but due to various reasons, parts will cause http:/ http:/ oil leakage occurs, it not only affects the normal work of the itself, has increased the daily management and maintenance workload.1、漏油的危害1, the dangers
8、of the spill机油是保证减速器正常运转不可缺少的,它对减速器齿轮起到清洗、润滑、降温、防腐等作用。漏油的主要危害有:Oil is to ensure the normal operation indispensable gear reducer, reducer gear in it of cooling, lubrication, cleaning, anticorrosive, and so on. Oil leakage of the main hazards are:1.1、造成润滑油的浪费。1.1, causing the waste lubricating oil.1.2
9、、污染机体及周围环境。1.2, the organism and the surrounding environment.1.3、漏油严重者,会因缺油而加速齿轮的粘合、剥离,会因减速箱内齿轮无法正常润滑而造成齿轮损坏,严重的甚至会造成机械事故。1.3 serious, leakage, and can accelerate gear because of lack of oil adhesion, peel, will because of the reduction gear box cant normal lubrication, gear damage caused serious ev
10、en can cause mechanical accident.http:/ the cause of the spill在封闭的减速机里,每一对齿轮相啮合发出热量,使减速箱内温度升高,油箱内压力增加。油便从密封不严处渗透出来。In closed reducer, each pair of gears meshing emit heat, decelerate box temperature, the pressure in the fuel tank is increased. Through sealing oil filters through. Dont introduce2.1、减
11、速器配件松动。加速器在组装时,合箱口、油封挡板螺栓紧固力矩达不够,螺栓松动造成漏油。2.1, reducer fittings is loose. Accelerator in the assembly, the close box mouth, oil seal baffle bolt tightening torque is not enough, bolt looseness caused the spill.2.2、减速机结构设计不合理引起漏油,如设计的减速机没有通风罩,减速机无法实现均压,箱内压力升高造成漏油。2.2, the structure of the speed reduc
12、er design is not reasonable cause oil leakage, such as the design of the reducer without ventilation hood, pressure reducer can not be achieved, and pressure in the oil spill.2.3、重使用,轻保养,未按要求及时添加或更换润滑油。多数减速器自运行以来,一直没有更换润滑油,造成油料乳化变质严重。2.3, heavy use, maintenance, not according to requirements in a ht
13、tp:/ http:/ manner to add or replace lubricating oil. Since most of the gear reducer running, there has been no oil change, caused by oil emulsification metamorphism.2.4、呼吸器堵,造成减速器内部压力升高造成漏油。2.4, respirator, reducer internal pressure rise caused the spill.2.5、润滑油过多,润滑油飞溅严重造成漏油。2.5 too, lubricating o
14、il, lubricating oil splash seriously cause oil leakage.2.6、合箱口密封不严。2.6 and box sealing mouth is lax.2.7、减速器回油槽堵。2.7 return chute blocking, reducer.2.8、油封失效或唇口磨损严重。2.8, oil seal failure or lip badly worn.3、渗漏的部位3, leakage parts在调查中,随机选择76台在用游梁式抽油机进行研究,其中47台存在减速器漏油现象:其中中缝接合面漏油16台,轴承(包括输入轴、输出轴、中间轴)处渗漏2
15、0台,螺栓处漏油5台,放油孔、观察孔渗漏4台,其他部位漏油2台。In the survey, 76 sets of randomly selected in beam pumping unit http:/ studied, including 47 units: speed reducer leakage phenomenon of raphe 16 sets of joint surface oil, bearing (including the input shaft and output shaft, intermediate shaft) leakage 20, bolt spill 5 units, 4 units, oil drain hole, observation hole leakage 2 other parts of the leak.4、渗漏原因分析4, analysis of the causes for the leakage4.1、中缝接合面渗漏的主要原因The main reason for the 4.1, raphe jointing surface leakage4.1.1、由于螺栓紧固程度差或由于振动造成松动,使合箱口产生缝隙,使润滑油外溢。4.4.1, due
