不定式与动名词讲解

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1、思恩教育 品牌服务 以真理教书 用真情育人只为成功找方法 不为失败找理由1动词专项讲解动词专项讲解 动词不定式与动名词动词不定式与动名词(1)做宾语:1.动词带 to 的不定式结构。常见动词有:afford(供应得起),ask,decide,expect(期待、 盼望) ,learn, want,offer(提供),hope, wish, help, prepare(准备),dare(敢),refuse(拒 绝)等。如: We cant afford _(buy) a car yet我们还买不起小汽车。2动词宾语带 to 的不定式。常见的这类词有:ask,teach,tell,want,lik

2、e,ask for, wait for,advise,invite,warn,wish,get 等。如:Would you like us to go with you?你愿意我们和你一起去吗? At the meeting they invited me_(speak)会上,他们请我发言。 3动词宾语不带 to 的不定式。常用的这类动词有:see,hear,watch,notice,let, make,have, listen to, look at, 等。如:We watched the boys _(play) football我们看 孩子们踢足球了。 (2)形式主语 1It is 名词

3、(for sb)to do sth如:It is good exercise for us _(walk)to school everyday.2It is 形容词(for sb)to do sth如: It is not good for us_ (watch) too much TV. 3It is 形容词of sbto do sth如: It is kind of you _( think) so much of us难为你这样替我们着想。类似用 of 的形容词有 kind,nice,wise,foolish,careless, lazy, good, right, clever, si

4、lly, 等(3) 形式宾语 They found it impossible_(get) everything ready in time(4)做表语:主语be to do sth此类句型 中作 思恩教育 品牌服务 以真理教书 用真情育人只为成功找方法 不为失败找理由2主语的中心名词通常是:duty,wish,hope,idea,plan,mistake,ambition, goal,等。如:My idea is_( wait) in line我的想法是排队等候。 (5) 主语be形容词to do sth如:Im sorry_( hear) that your mother is ill (

5、6)不定式作结果状语的句型有两种: 1too形容词副词to do sth如: Kate ran too slowly _(catch) up with Rose凯特跑得太慢,赶不上罗丝。 2名词形容词副词enough to do sth如: Have you got enough money _( buy) a computer?你有足够的钱买台电脑吗? (7)动词不定式在句中作定语常置于被修饰的成分(或词)的后面,其句型多为: 1Its time to do sth如: Its time_( go) to school该去上学了。 2主语have sthto do如: I have noth

6、ing_(worry) about(8)to 能够代替不定式的内容。 在口语中,下文不定式的内容可承上文省略,但 to 不可 省。这种用法常见于下列结构:have to ,would like(love) to,glad to 等。如: 考例 Would you like to go to the cinema with us tomorrow? Yes,_ What time are we going to meet? AI would BI would like CI like to DId like to 同学们,请你看看下面的 10 道题的空格处是不是都加上 to 呢?做完后你会“真相

7、大白” 1Why _ go to the cinema with him? 2Why not _ wear a flower? 3They would rather try and fail than _ give up the plan 4You had better _ leave here at once 5He could do nothing but _ obey the order(cant but do sth.) 6Can I help _ carry it for you? 7Id like _ come ,but I have no time 思恩教育 品牌服务 以真理教书

8、 用真情育人只为成功找方法 不为失败找理由38He likes to stay with peasants and _ work in the field with them 9I havent decided to go or _ stay 10Its necessary for us to read more and _ have more practice Key: 1. 2 3 4 5 6to 7to 89to 10to动名词1动名词由动词 + ing 构成,否定形式为 not doing,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起 名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。 1)作主语。如: See

9、ing is believing. Laying eggs is the ant queens full-time job. 注意:动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不 定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。如: Playing with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火) To play with fire will be dangerous. (指一具体动作) 但在 It is no use/good, not any use/good, useless 等后常用动名词或用不定式。 2)作表语。如: Her job is teaching

10、. 3)作宾语。如: He is fond of playing football. I like swimming. dislike,enjoy,excuse,face,feel,like,finish,forgive,give up,imagine, keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,put off, suggest,cant help(情不自禁),cant stand(无法忍受)等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式。 forget,go on,mean,regret(后悔),remember,stop,try 等动词或词组可带动名 词或不定式作宾

11、语,但意义上有区别。 Lets go on studying Lesson 6. (让我们继续学第六课。说明前面已学了一部分。) Lets go on to study Lesson 6.(让我们接着学第六课。说明前面已学了第五课。) I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习。) I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事。) I tried not to go there. (我设法不去那里。) I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次。) Stop speaking. (不要讲话。) He stop

12、ped to talk. (他停下来讲话。) I mean to come early today. (我打算今天早些来。) Missing the train means waiting for another hour. (误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。)思恩教育 品牌服务 以真理教书 用真情育人只为成功找方法 不为失败找理由4动词 need,require,want 作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的 被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth 后必须 用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如: The window needs/req

13、uires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned. Her method is worth trying. 在短语,look forward to, to be used to, thank you for,excuse me for,be(kept) busy,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),theres no use/good/need,feel/seem like 等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如:I look forward to hearing fro

14、m you soon. 在 love,hate,prefer,like 等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名 词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。 start,begin,continue 在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式。 但 start 和 begin 在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语:当主语是物而不是人时;当 start 或 begin 以-ing 形式出现时,当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。如: It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner.I began to understand what he meant. 在 should(would) like/love 等后须用不定式。 4)作定语,例如: He has a reading room.

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