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1、1/5定语从句考点和练习1定语从句的功用和结构 2关系代词和关系副词的功用 3各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法考查的主要形式是选择填空、填空和完成句子,阅读理解等各种短文题中肯定也要用 到定语从句,而你在写作中也应该适当运用一下定语从句。一、定语从句的功用和结构一、定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先 行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例 如:This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who
2、 came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village.This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二、关系代词和关系副词的功用二、关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句,在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用,使二 者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语,宾语, 定语,关系副词可作状语。1. 作主语:关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词 一致。例如:I dont l
3、ike people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2. 作宾语She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3. 作定语关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语用。例如:Whats the name of the young man whose s
4、ister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4. 作状语Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法三、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人,在定语从句中作主语。例如:The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the
5、black jacket is very clever.2. whom 指人,在定语从句中作宾语。例如:Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose 是所有格形式,在定语从句中作定语。例如:The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.2/5I know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which 指物,在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如:
6、A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that 多指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如:Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when 指时间,在定语从句中作状语。例如:Ill nev
7、er forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地点,在定语从句中作状语。例如:This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四、关系代词四、关系代词 whom,which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行在定语从句中作介词宾语时,可以和介词一起放于先行 词与定语从
8、句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将词与定语从句之间,有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写,而与先行词紧挨着书写,而 将介词置于定语从句的后面将介词置于定语从句的后面,如:That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.五、具体使用时还要注意下列问题:五、具体使用时还要注意下列问题:1. 只能使用 that,不用 which 的情况:(1) 先行词是 all, few, little, no
9、thing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如:All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被 only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如:He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如:He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read th
10、is year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如:He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2. 只能用 which,不用 that 的情况:(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如:The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导,先行词是物时。例如:The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【中考范例中考范例】1. (2004 年哈尔滨中考试题)
11、-Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees?-Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人, 而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有 who 合适。2. (2004 年常州市中考试题)3/5The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. who B. where C. what D. that【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是定语从句的
12、关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物,而 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语,所以只有 that 合适。3. (2004 年扬州市中考试题)-Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qinghua University.A. whom B. who C. whose D. which【解析】答案:B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人, 而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有 who 合适。 4. (2004 年益阳市中考试题)I hate people _ talk much
13、but do little.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who【解析】答案:D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人, 而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语,所以只有 who 合适。【实践演练实践演练】一. 单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?-Oh! Its Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the people _ dont help others when t
14、hey are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited.A. there B. when C. where D.
15、which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life.A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your famil
16、y.A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation.A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and