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1、1/5定语从句考点和练习1定语从句的功用和结构 2关系代词和关系副词的功用 3各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法考查的主要形式是选择填空、填空和完成句子，阅读理解等各种短文题中肯定也要用 到定语从句，而你在写作中也应该适当运用一下定语从句。一、定语从句的功用和结构一、定语从句的功用和结构在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫做先 行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词和关系副词。例 如：This is the present that he gave me for my birthday.Do you know everybody who
2、 came to the party?I still remember the night when I first came to the village.This is the place where Chairman Mao once lived.二、关系代词和关系副词的功用二、关系代词和关系副词的功用关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二 者联系起来。关系代词和关系副词又在定语从句中充当一个成分。关系代词做主语，宾语， 定语，关系副词可作状语。1. 作主语：关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数须和先行词 一致。例如：I dont l
3、ike people who talk much but do little.The cars which are produced in Hubei Province sell very well.2. 作宾语She is the person that I met at the school gate yesterday.The book that my grandmother gave me is called “The Great Escape”.3. 作定语关系代词 whose 在定语从句中作定语用。例如：Whats the name of the young man whose s
4、ister is a doctor?The girl whose father is a teacher studies very hard.4. 作状语Ill never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.This is the house where I was born.三、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法三、各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如：The person who broke the window must pay for it.The boy who is wearing the
5、black jacket is very clever.2. whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如：Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate?Mr. Lee (whom) you want to see has come.3. whose 是所有格形式，在定语从句中作定语。例如：The girl whose mother is ill is staying at home today.2/5I know the boy whose father is a professor.4. which 指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：
6、A dictionary is a book which gives the meaning of words.Here is the book (which) the teacher mentioned yesterday.5. that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the important news.Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there?6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如：Ill nev
7、er forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year.The factory where his father works is in the east of the city.四、关系代词四、关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行 词与定语从
8、句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，而与先行词紧挨着书写，而 将介词置于定语从句的后面将介词置于定语从句的后面，如：That was the room in which we had lived for ten years. = That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.五、具体使用时还要注意下列问题：五、具体使用时还要注意下列问题：1. 只能使用 that，不用 which 的情况：(1) 先行词是 all, few, little, no
9、thing, everything, anything 等不定代词时。例如：All that he said is true. (2) 先行词被 only, no, any, all,等词修饰时。例如：He is the only foreigner that has been to that place. (3) 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰的词。例如：He was the second (person) that told me the secret.(4) 先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰的词。This is the best book (that) I have read th
10、is year.(5) 先行词既包括人又包括物时。例如：He talked about the people and the things he remembered.2. 只能用 which，不用 that 的情况：(1) 在非限制性定语从中。例如：The meeting was put off, which was exactly what we wanted.(2) 定语从句由介词+关系代词引导，先行词是物时。例如：The thing about which he is talking is of great importance.【中考范例中考范例】1. (2004 年哈尔滨中考试题)
11、-Does the teacher know everybody _ planted the trees?-Yes, he does.A. which B. whose C. where D. who【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人， 而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有 who 合适。2. (2004 年常州市中考试题)3/5The letter _ I received from him yesterday is very important.A. who B. where C. what D. that【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是定语从句的
12、关系代词的选择。因为先行词是物，而 关系代词在定语从句中作宾语，所以只有 that 合适。3. (2004 年扬州市中考试题)-Where is the scientist _ gave us the talk yesterday?-He has gone back to Qinghua University.A. whom B. who C. whose D. which【解析】答案：B。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人， 而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有 who 合适。 4. (2004 年益阳市中考试题)I hate people _ talk much
13、but do little.A. whose B. whom C. which D. who【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是引导定语从句的关系代词的选择。因为先行词是人， 而关系代词又在定语从句中作主语，所以只有 who 合适。【实践演练实践演练】一. 单项填空1. -Who is the man _ was talking to our English teacher?-Oh! Its Mr. Baker, our maths teacher.A. he B. that C. whom D. which2. I hate the people _ dont help others when t
14、hey are in trouble.A. who B. which C. they D. where3. The foreigner _ visited our school is from Canada.A. which B. when C. who D. whom4. George Mallory was an English school teacher _ loved climbing.A. who B. whom C. he D. which5. This is the place _I have ever visited.A. there B. when C. where D.
15、which6. Nobody knows the reason _ she didnt come to the meeting.A. that B. which C. why D. when7. The moon is a world _ there is no life.A. that B. which C. where D. why8. He has forgotten the day _ he arrived.A. when B. where C. that D. which9. He still remembers the days _ he spent with your famil
16、y.A. when B. where C. that D. on which10. Mr. White, _ car had been stolen, came to the policeman. A. who B. that C. whose D. which11. He got to the village _ his family once lived before liberation.A. that B. which C. when D. where12. This is the house _ I want to buy.A. in which B. that C. whose D. where13. This is the house _ our beloved Premier Zhou once lived and
