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1、0解读工民建桩施工中常见的问题及质量控制措施解读工民建桩施工中常见的问题及质量控制措施Interpretation of the common problems in civil engineering construction and quality control measures随着我国社会经济的发展，城市化的步伐不断加快，城市用地矛盾日益突出，为了缓和这一矛盾，建筑的高度越来越高，随着而来的桩基础处理的要求也愈发增加，本文从工民建基础施工现状中常见问题出发，初步分析问题的成因，进行施工质量控制的分析，望能有助于工程实践。With the development of our socia
2、l economy, the acceleration of the pace of city, city land conflicts have become increasingly prominent, in order to alleviate this contradiction, the height of the building is more and more high, the pile foundation processing requirements are also increasing, this article from the civil engineerin
3、g foundation construction present situation of common problems, a preliminary analysis of the problem analysis of causes, construction quality control, hope can help to engineering practice.一 桩基础施工中的几个常见问题在当前的工民建桩处理中，最为常见的梁总工艺为钻孔灌注桩和预制桩，本文就这两种工艺在施工中常见的问题进行分析，最为常见的有如下几种：Several common problems of a p
4、ile foundation construction in civil engineering pile in the process, the most common general beam for bored pile and precast pile, this paper analyzes these two processes in the common problems in the construction, the most common are the following:1、颈缩的问题从工程实践来看，颈缩现象的外在表象为，在桩身的某处出现了桩径缩小问题，主要存在于套管成
5、孔灌注桩和导管水下灌注混凝土桩的实际施工过程中。从工程实践经验来看，该问题的成因大多是由于施工操作不到位例如抽管速度过快而导致的，当然土质也是另一个主要原因。1, the necking problems from engineering practice, the external appearance necking phenomenon is, somewhere in the pile body appeared pile diameter reduction problem, mainly exists in the casing into the actual constructi
6、on process of pouring concrete pile hole pile and the catheter in under water. From the engineering practice http:/ http:/ causes of the problems are mostly due to construction operations are not in place such as pumping speed too fast, of course, the soil is another main reason.2、桩位偏移的问题对于这个问题，从实践经
7、验来看，问题的成因虽然是多方面的，不过对于预制桩施工而言，最为主要的原因是由于桩位放线的不准确和打桩顺序存在差错导致的。2, the displacement of pile position question regarding this issue, from the practical experience, the causes of the problem are in many aspects, but for the precast pile construction, the main reason is because the pile position line is no
8、t accurate and the piling sequence error exists in.3、塌孔的问题该问题是施工中比较常见的问题，主要存在于泥浆护壁成孔的施工过程之中，从工程实践经验来看，出现该问题的成因主要是因为桩孔内水压不足或者是孔内的泥浆比重与设计相比不合格要求所造成的。3, hole collapse problem the problem is a common problem in the construction, mainly in the construction process of slurry into the hole, from engineerin
9、g practice experience, causes of the problem is mainly because of the pile hole water pressure is insufficient or mud weight and design of hole caused by substandard requirements compared.4、单桩存在着承载力不足的问题对于这个问题主要是预制桩处理工艺的问题表现形式，大量的工程实践经验表明，引发单桩的承载力不足其原因是多元化的，总结下来有桩端未能按照设计的规定进入相应的持力层，桩的弯曲度超过了设计范围过多，桩存
10、在断裂现象等等。4, there is a lack of capacity of single pile is the main problem of precast pile process representation for this problem, a large number of engineering practice shows that, causing the problem of bearing capacity of single pile and its causes is diversified, summary is designed in accordanc
11、e with the provisions of the pile end failed to enter the bearing layer of the pile, bending over the design range is too much, pile breaking etc.5、吊脚桩的问题从吊脚桩问题表象来看，这是在桩的底部混凝土隔空，又或是进入了泥沙引起桩基出现了松软层，从该问题的成因来看，主要可以归结为如http:/ http:/ suspending pile problem from the representation of suspending pile prob
12、lem, this is a space at the bottom of the concrete pile, or into the sediment caused by pile appeared soft layer, from the causes of the problem, can be mainly attributed to the following aspects:（1）从预制桩的质量来看，桩尖质量不符合要求，引起沉管时破坏率比较高，泥沙水很轻松地被挤入桩管之中；有时桩尖破坏后也有被挤入桩管内的可能，一旦被挤入管内，会导致拔管需要到达一定距离之后混凝土才会落下，吊脚桩就
13、此形成。( 1 ) from the quality of precast pile, the pile tip quality does not meet the requirements, the destruction caused by sinking rate is relatively high, the sediment water easily be squeezed into the pile pipe pile tip; sometimes destroyed have been squeezed into the pile tube may, once into the
14、tube, will lead to concrete before extubation after reaching a certain distance, end-suspended pile is formed.（2）从施工材料的选择上来看，混凝土材料的选择存在着一定的问题，比如说混凝土的塌落度较小、易性较差等等原因，导致吊脚桩形成。( 2 ) from the choice of materials of construction point of view, the selection of concrete materials have some problems, such a
15、s slump of concrete is small, easy to cause is bad and so on, lead to suspending pile formation.（3）从工程的具体实施上来看，混凝土浇灌施工还未能做到严格按照标准和规范操作，比如说，中间存在过长的时间间隔，超过了混凝土初凝的时间，如此一来，前后两次浇灌的混凝土会因为时间差导致不能很好地结合在一起，导致吊脚桩形成。( 3 ) from the specific implementation of engineering point of view, concrete pouring construct
16、ion has not been able to achieve the operation, in strict accordance with the standards and specifications for example, there are long time interval, over time, so the concrete early, before and after two times of concrete will be for time difference which could not very well together suspending pile, resulting in formation.二 施工质量控制的具体措施分析从上文提到的两种桩基础钻孔灌注桩与预制http:/ http:/
