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1、高考题中对 that 的专题考查归纳分析英语学习中 that 是大家最熟悉的一个词，它的用法可以说是灵活多变，丰富多彩。比如它可以用来引导定语从句或名词性从句，也可用用作指示代词或程度副词。因此在高考试题的设置中出现了许多以 that 为考查热点的句型时，常常让许多考生感到迷惑，对 that一词不能作出正确的选择和判断。如我们在平常的教学过程中经常会列举一个经典例句及其变式结构：It is known to everyone that the moon travels round the earth once every month.That the moon travels round th
2、e earth once every month is known to everyone.What is known to everyone is that the moon travels round the earth once every month.三个句型表达的是同一内容信息，都出现了 that 一词，但其位置和用法有所不同。现结合近几年的高考试题和课本教材的部分例句对 that 的几种用法和涉及的易考点作个详细分析。便于大家理解和掌握。. 连词 that 在名词性从句中的用法(1) 主语从句that 引导的主语从句也可以用 “it”作形式主语，将 that 从句放在句末。注意 t
3、hat 引导的主语从句，that 仅仅是起个引导词作用，不在从句中作任何成分。 如： _is our belief that improvement in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy. （2006 浙江卷）A. As B. That C. This D. It解析：It 作形式主语，后面的 that 从句作真正主语。句式可变为：That improvements in health care will lead to a stronger, more prosperous economy is our
4、 belief.拓展： it 作形式主语，that 从句作真正主语的几个重要句型结构：1.It is/was+名词+that 从句 如： It is a pity that our respected teacher cant make it to the party. 真可惜，我们最敬爱的老师不能来参加这次聚会。用于此句型的名词还有：shame, wonder,fact,news,honour,question 等。注意在 It is(high)time that.句型中,that 从句要使用虚拟语气。比如 2006 重庆卷 26 小题的题干为 “Isnt it time (that) yo
5、u got down to marking the paper?2. It is/was +adj +that 从句。如： It is necessary that we (should)have a good knowledge of basic English.掌握基本的英语对我们来讲是必要的。 可用于此句型的形容词还有：important, natural, strange, possible 等，这类主语从句中，谓语动词多用虚拟语气，为 “should+do”或省略 “should”形式。如： - Dont you think it necessary that he_ to Miam
6、i but to NewYork?-I agree, but the problem is_he has refused to.（2005 江苏卷）A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what解析：B。第一空的题干部分与 it is necessary that.句型中一样要使用虚拟语气(should +do)，第二空为 that 引导的表语从句。 3. It is/was reported(said/thought/believed/expe
7、cted 等)+that 从句。(2) that 引导宾语从句that 引导的宾语从句中，作动词的宾语时，that 可以省略；作 except/but/in 等介词的宾语时，that 不可省略；若动词后面接两个或两个以上的由 that 引导的宾语从句时，第一个 that 可以省略，其余的不可省略。如：1.If you consider(that)she has only been studying English for six months, she speaks it very well.如果考虑到她学英语才 6 个月，那么她英语讲得非常不错。 2. Our English teacher
8、 is a good teacher except that he is too strict sometimes. 除了有时太严厉外，英语老师是位好老师。3. Conferences like the Earth Summit help people understand that there exist serious problems and that there is still time to take action.（人教版高二上 unit9 P68）像这样的峰会能帮助人们理解世界上存在严重问题，并且知道还有时间采取行动。考题：1. Having checked the doors
9、 were closed, and_ all the lights were off, the oy opened the door to his bedroom.（2007 湖南卷）A. why B. that C. when D. where2. With his work completed, the businessman stepped back to his seat, feeling pleased_he was a man of action. （2006 湖南卷）A. which B. that C. what D. whether解析：1. B。 the door were
10、 closed 为 checked 的宾语，省略了 that 引导，and之后为第二个宾语从句，这个宾语从句中的 that 不能省略。2. B。that 在宾语从句中无词义，也不作任何成分，只起连接词作用。( 3) that 引导表语从句that 引导的表语从句中，that 一般不能省略，that 在表语从句中不充当任何成分，只是起个连接词作用；若主语是 reason 时，表语从句常用 that 引导，而不用 because。如：1. Another reason why you think we should grow rice is that the soil is very good f
11、or rice.（高一下 unit19P44）我们种水稻的另一个理由是这里的土壤非常好。 2. Our plan is that we will go there once a week. 我们的计划是一星期去一次。考题： The traditional view is_we sleep because our brain is “programmed” to make us do so.（2007 上海卷）A. when B. why C. whether D. that解析：D。此句中不缺任何成分，可知应选 that，没有词义，只起连接作用。(4) 同位语从句that 引导的同位语从句常放
12、在 fact, news, idea, truth, hope, reason,belief, chance, problem, information,belief,doubt,advice 等名词后，是对前面的名词作进一步的解释说明。有时，同位语从句可与名词中心词隔开。that 在从句中不担当任何成分，也没有词汇意义。1.The fact that Great Britain is made up of three countries is still unknown to many.（人教高二 unit5 P35）大不列颠本土由三个国家组成，这一事实许多人还不知道。2. There is
13、 no doubt that 100 years ago animal testing was cruel but today animals in experiments are very well taken care of. （高一下 unit16P27）考题：1.There is much chance_ Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.（2006 天津卷）A. that B. which C. until D. if2. Nobody believed his reason for being absent
14、 from the class_he had to meet his uncle at the airport.（2006 重庆卷）A. why B. that C. where D. because3. Dandy left word with my secretary_ he would call again in the afternoon.（2005 浙江卷）A. who B. that C. as D. which解析：1. A。that 引导同位语从句，用来说明 chance 的内容。2. B。考查同位语从句，用来说明 reason 的具体内容。 3. B。that 引导的同位语从
15、句， that 在从句中不作任何成分，从句的结构是完整的。不缺成分。说明 word 的内容。 . 关系代词 that 在定语从句中的用法在定语从句中，若先行词在从句中充当主语或宾语，可以使用关系代词 that 来引导，也可以省略，但在下列情况下只能使用 that 引导。1.先行词为不定代词(all, nothing,something,little,few,none 等)或被不定代词修饰时。2.先行词是被 the only, the very 及序数词，形容词最高级修饰时。3. 先行词既有人又有物时。4.若复合句中含有双重或多重定语从句，其中一个用以 which，其它从句用 that引导。5.
16、 当特殊疑问句由 who 或 which 引导时，为避免重复，常用 that 代替 who 或which。考题：1.You can only be sure of_ you have at present; you cannt be sure of something_ you might get in the future. （2007 安徽卷）A. that; what B. what; / C. which; that D. /; that2. Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes, there is one point_ we must
