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1、语法填空专项训练-非谓语动词 非谓语动词是语法填空的必考考点，每年高考至少有 1 道题。不仅如此，掌握非谓语 动词的基本用法，对增强书面表达的文采和提高阅读理解能力都有明显的作用。 首先，我们回顾一下非谓语动词的语法功能(在句中充当何种成分)：主语宾语表语定语状语宾补动名词 不定式 分词 现在，我们简要回顾其主要考点： 考点 1：作主语表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用-ing； 表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用 to do 。考点 2：作表语 (1) 动名词和不定式作表语说明主语的具体内容。 (2)分词作表语则说明主语的性质，像 puzzling, surprising, exciting
2、 等-ing 分词表示“令 人的(事物)”；像 puzzled, surprised, excited 等-ed 分词表示“(人)感到的”。 考点 3：作宾语 (1)有些动词只能用不定式作宾语。如 refuse, expect, promise, decide, offer, pretend 等。(类似 动词和短语动词还有哪些？请补上) (2)有些动词只能用动名词作宾语。如：keep, allow, finish, enjoy, mind, practice, avoid, admit, advise, consider, imagine, appreciate, escape, sugges
3、t 等。(类似动词和短语动词还有哪些？请 补上) (3) 在表示“需要”的 need, want 和 require 等后用-ing 形式的主动形式表示被动意义，也可 用不定式的被动式。 (4)在 forget, remember, regret, mean, try 等动词后既可接动名词，也可接不定式，但意义差 别较大。 (5)在介词之后用动名词作宾语。注意 to 是介词的短语，如 be /get used to, be accustomed to(习惯于), contribute to , devote oneself to /be devoted to, get down to, loo
4、k forward to 等。(6)含介词的固定句式： prevent /stop /keep sb. /sth. from doing 阻止做 spend /waste time or money in doing 在做方面花费/浪费时间或金钱have some difficulty/trouble in doing 在做方面有些困难 have a hard time in doing sth.做某事很艰难 there is no sense in doing 做是没有理由/道理的 (7)介词后一般只能接动名词，但在表示“除外”的介词 but 和 except 后，有时可接不定 式；当前面有
5、行为动词 do 时，不定式不带 to；前面没有行为动词 do 时，要带 to。 考点 4：作宾补 当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时，用不定式(未来或全过程)或-ing 形式(正在 进行或一直处于某种状态)； 当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时，用-ed 形式。请注意复习以下 6 点： (1)在 ask, invite, encourage, advise, forbid, remind 等动词后，用带 to 的不定式作宾补。 (2)在 help 后作宾补的不定式带不带 to 均可。 (3)在 make, let, have 等使役动词和 feel, smell, hear, se
6、e, watch 等感官动词后，一般用不带 to 的不定式作宾补，但在其被动式后作主语补足语时，要加上 to。 (4)在 with 的宾语后，若用-ed 形式，表示宾语与-ed 形式在逻辑上是被动关系，且意味着该 动作已经完成；若用-ing 形式，表示宾语与-ing 形式在逻辑上是主动关系，且表示动作持 续进行。 (5)get sb. to do sth. =have sb. do sth.使某人做某事(主动、将来); get/havedoing 使处于 某一状态中(主动、持续); getdone=have sth. done 请人做/遭受(被动)。 (6) make oneself 后常用
7、understood, heard, seen, known 等作宾补，表示让别人明白自己的意 思/让自己讲的话被别人听到/让自己被别人看到/让自己被别人认识。 考点 6：作定语 (1)动词不定式作定语：常放在所修饰的名词之后，表示一个将来的动作，多用来修饰 have、there be、with 之后的名词，表示“有要”；或修饰“the+序数词”。(2)分词作定语：被修饰的名词与分词是主动关系，用-ing 形式，是被动关系时用-ed 形式。考点 7：特殊句式 Why not do sth.? =Why dont you do sth.?何不做某事呢？ had better (not) do s
8、th.最好(不)做某事 would rather (not) do sth.宁愿(不)做某事 would do A rather than do B = would rather do A than do B = prefer to do A rather than do B = prefer doing A to doing B 宁做 A 事不做 B 事 考点 8：独立结构 (1) -ing 形式的独立成分：judging by /from(根据判断), generally speaking(一般说来)， strictly speaking(严格说来), frankly speaking(坦
9、率地说)等。 (2)不定式的独立结构：to tell you the truth(和你说实话吧), to make things worse(情况更糟的 是)等。 (3)用作介词或连词的 considering(考虑到，就而言)和 given(考虑到)后接名词或 that 从句。解题技巧 解答语法填空时，首先分析句子结构，若句子已有谓语动词且不是并谓语时，所给动词必 定用非谓语动词；然后分析该非谓语动词在句中作什么句子成分，初定作该成分的应是哪 一种或几种非谓语动词形式；最后再根据非谓语动词各自的特点和用法，同时看谓语动词 有没有特别的要求，再结合与逻辑主语的关系，确定该填哪种形式。 另外，在
10、确定用-ing 形式还是用-ed 形式，用 to do 还是用 to be done 时，都是由该非谓语 动词与逻辑主语是主动关系还是被动关系来确定的。那么，如何找出非谓语动词的逻辑主 语？这与非谓语动词在句中作何种成分有关，详见下表：充当句 子成分宾语 表语状语定语宾补逻辑 主语句子的主语所修饰的词句子的宾语例 1the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008 年广东) 分析：因句中已有谓语 is based，而“plucking up a crop 32
11、(help) it grow”是 the proverb 的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help 应是非谓语动词；“帮助 禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填 to help。 例 2While she was getting me _34_ (settle) into a tiny but clean room(2007 年广东) 分析：因句中已有谓语 was getting，所以 settle 应是非谓语动词；又由 settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me 与 settle 是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补， 故
12、填 settled。 一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. _ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国) 2. Eugenes never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _(argue) with him. (上 海) 3. Please remain _(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁) 4. Can I smoke here? Sorry.
13、 We dont allow _(smoke) here. (江苏) 5. It is difficult to imagine his _ (accept) the decision without any consideration. (陕西) 6. I cant stand _(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _(stop) talking while she works. (北京) 7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings i
14、n the area need _ (repair). (陕西) 8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南) 9. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _(not take) his advice! (安徽) 10. If you think that treating a woman well me
15、ans always _ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南) 11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全国)12. They are quiet, arent they?Yes. They are accustomed to _ (not talk) at meals. (江苏) 13. Isnt it time you got down to _ (mark) the papers? (重庆) 14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海) 15. She looks forward every spring to _ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海) 16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he
