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1、1附附 录录译文助读ModuleModule 1 1 BritishBritish andand AmericanAmerican EnglishEnglish ReadingReading andand SpeakingSpeaking WordsWords，wordswords，wordswords British and American English are different in many ways.The first and most obvious way is in the vocabulary.There are hundreds of different words w
2、hich are not used on the other side of the Atlantic，or which are used with a different meaning.Some of these words are well knownAmericans drive automobiles down freeways and fill up with gas；the British drive cars along motorways and fill up with petrol.As a tourist，you will need to use the undergr
3、ound in London or the subway in New York，or maybe you will prefer to get around the town by taxi(British)or cab(American) ChipsChips oror FrenchFrench fries?fries? But other words and expressions are not so well known.Americans use a flashlight，while for the British，its a torch.The British queue up；
4、Americans stand in line.Sometimes the same word has a slightly different meaning，which can be confusing. Chips，for example，are pieces of hot fried potato in Britain；in the States chips are very thin and are sold in packets.The British call these crisps.The chips the British know and love are French
5、fries on the other side of the Atlantic. HaveHave oror havehave got?got? There are a few differences in grammar，too.The British say Have you got.? while Americans prefer Do you have.? An American might say My friend just arrived，but a British person would say My friend has just arrived.Prepositions,
6、 too，can be different：compare on the team, on the weekend(American)with in the team, at the weekend(British)The British use prepositions where Americans sometimes omit them(Ill see you Monday；Write me soon！) ColourColour oror color?color? The other two areas in which the two varieties differ are spe
7、lling and pronunciation.American spelling seems simpler：center，color and program instead of centre，colour and programme.Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first settlers arrived four hundred years ago.The accent，which is most similar to British English，can be heard on the
8、East Coast of the US.When the Irish writer George Bernard Shaw made the famous remark that the British and the Americans are two nations divided by a common language，he was obviously thinking about the differences.But are they really so important？After all，there is probably as much variation of pron
9、unciation within the two countries as between them.A Londoner has more difficulty understanding a Scotsman from Glasgow than understanding a New Yorker. ,词，词，词 英式英语和美式英语在很多方面都有所不同。首先最明显的是在词汇方面。有数百个不 同的单词在大西洋彼岸是不使用的，或者是有不同的意思。其中有些单词是熟悉的美国 人在 freeways 上驾驶 automobiles，给 automobiles 加 gas；英国人在 motorways
10、 上驾 驶 cars，给 cars 加 petrol。作为游客，在伦敦你要乘坐 underground，而在纽约则是 subway，或者你更愿乘坐 taxi (英式) 或者 cab (美式)游览城市。 ChipsChips 还是 FrenchFrench fries?fries? 但是其他一些单词和表达方式没有这么广泛地为人所知。美国人把手电筒称为 2flashlight，而英国人叫它 torch。英国人排队用 queue up，而美国人用 stand in line。有时，同一个单词在意义上有一点细微的差别，这会让人感到很困惑。比如 chips 这个词在英国是油炸的薯条，在美国却指小包装出售
11、的非常薄的薯片。英国人把这种东西称 为 crisps。英国人知道而且喜欢的薯条在大西洋对岸被称为 French fries。 HaveHave 还是 havehave got?got? 在语法上，英式英语和美式英语也有一些区别。英国人说 Have you got.？而美国人 却更喜欢说 Do you have.？美国人可能会说 My friend just arrived，但是英国人会说 My friend has just arrived。介词的用法也有所不同：比较一下 on the team，on the weekend (美式)和 in the team，at the weekend (
12、英式)。英国人用介词的地方美国人有 时侯可能会省略(Ill see you Monday；Write me soon！)。 ColourColour 还是 color?color? 另外两个不同之处是拼写和发音。美式英语的拼写好像更简单一些：用 center，color 和 program 代替 centre，colour 和 programme。自从 400 年前第一批移民的到来，很多 因素影响了美式英语的发音。在美国东海岸能够听到跟英式英语非常接近的口音。当爱尔兰 作家萧伯纳讲那句名言英国和美国是被同一种语言分开的两个国家的时候，他显然想到 了它们的差别。但是这些真的是那么重要吗？不管怎么
13、说，在这两个国度里，语音也肯定存 在着许多音变。伦敦人要听懂来自格拉斯哥的苏格兰人说话，比听纽约人说话更难。,TurnTurn onon thethe TVTV Some experts believe that the two varieties are moving closer together. For more than a century commu nications across the Atlantic have developed steadily. Since the 1980s, with satellite TV and the Internet, it has be
14、en possible to listen to British and American English at the flick of a switch. This nonstop communication, the experts think, has made it easier for British people and Americans to understand each other. But it has also led to lots of American words and structures passing into British English, so t
15、hat some people now believe that British English will disappear. However，if you turn on CNN，the American TV network，you find newsreaders and weather forecasters all speaking with different accentsAmerican, British, Australian, and even Spanish. One of the bestknown faces, Monita Rajpal, was born in
16、Hong Kong, China, and grew up speaking Chinese and Punjabi, as well as English. This international dimension suggests that in the future, there are going to be many “Englishes” ， not just two main varieties. But the message is “Dont worry.” Users of English will all be able to understand each otherwherever they are.,打开电视 很多专家认为这两种语言变体越来越接近，一个多世纪以来，大西洋两岸的交流稳步发 展。自从 20 世纪 80 年代以来，随着卫星电视和因特网的使用，非常便捷地听到英式英语
