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1、英语英语(1)(1)文本答疑(文本答疑(1 1)张玲张玲:情态动词 can 的用法有哪些? 张宇光张宇光:Hello, everyone! 我是 can。我是一个情态动词,表示说话人的语气或情态,我没 有人称和数的变化,在句子中不能单独作谓语,只能和紧挨着我的动词原形一起构成复合 谓语。我的基本意思是“能;会” 。OK,现在欢迎大家走进我的世界。 一、一、 我的基本用法我的基本用法 1表示能力(如体力和脑力方面) ,意为“能;会”等。例如: Can you speak English? 你会讲英语吗? Can you play the piano? 你会弹钢琴吗? 2表示请求或允许,多用在口语
2、中,意为“可以;能”等。用于疑问句中用来提出要 求,用于否定句表示不允许。例如: Can I help you? 我能帮助你吗?You cant play basketball. 你不能玩篮球。 Can you.?“请你好吗?”表示说话人的请求;Can I.?“我可以吗?”用来 征求对方是否允许自己做某事。如在句末加上 please 一词就显得更有礼貌了。例如: Can you help me, please? 请你帮助我好吗? 3表示可能。例如: He can be at home now. 他现在可能在家。 The moon cant always be full. 月亮不可能常圆。 4表
3、示怀疑。在表达此意时,只能用于一般疑问句中,带有感情色彩。例如: Can it be true? 那会是真的吗? 二、二、 我的句式变化如下我的句式变化如下: 1在变否定句时,直接在我后加上“not”,可缩写成 cant 或 cannot, 但不能写成 cannt。例如: He can swim. He cant swim. Emma can see the pen on the desk. Emma cannot see the pen on the desk. 2在变一般疑问句时,把我直接移到主语前(原主语的首字母改成小写,第一人称应 变为第二人称)即可。例如: I can see an
4、orange on the table. Can you see an orange on the table? 其回答可用 Yes, OK 或 Certainly 等作肯定回答;用 No 或 Sorry 等作否定回答。例如: Can you look after my books, please? 你能照看一下我的书吗? OK. 可以。 用 Certainly 回答。此时语气更为肯定。例如: Can I see your guitar? 我能看看你的吉它吗? Certainly. 当然可以。 特别提醒 我与 may 都可以表示“许可” 。在征求对方意见时用 may 较多。例如: May I
5、go now? 现在我可以走吗?在询问客观上是否可以时,我则当仁不让。例如:Can we take the books out? 我们能把这些书拿出去吗?在两者都可以用时,may 显得客气一些。 例如:May I take this seat? 比 Can I take this seat? 稍婉转一点。在陈述句中用我较多。例 如:You can sit here. 你可以坐在这里。 我还可以表示能力,而 may 则无此用法。张玲张玲:询问病情的句型是什么? 张宇光张宇光:询问病情 Whats the matter? How do you feel? How are you feeling?张
6、玲张玲:何为被动语态?有怎样的句型形式? 张宇光张宇光:主动语态改被动语态 把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单,可以遵循以下几个步骤:1先找出谓语动词;2再找出谓语动词后的宾语;3把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;4注意人称、时态和数的变化。例:1Bruce writes a letter every week. A letter is written by Bruce every week.2Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.3He has writt
7、en two novels so far.Two novels have been written by him so far.4They will plant ten trees tomorrow.Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.5Lucy is writing a letter now.A letter is being written by Lucy now.6You must lock the door when you leave.the door must be locked when you leave. 编辑本段 使用被动语
8、态的注意问题1不及物动词无被动语态。What will happen in 100 years.The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.2有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。This pen writes well.This new book sells well.3感官动词或使役动词使用省略 to 的动词不定式,主动语态中不带 to ,但变为被动 语态时,须加上 to 。例:make somebody do somethingsomebody+ be +made to do somethingsee somebody do som
9、ethingsomebody +be +seen to do somethingA girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.The boss made the little boy do heavy work.The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.His mother gave him a present for his birthday. He was given a
10、present by his mother for his birthday.4如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)作主语,那么动词后要用 介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。He gave me a book.A book was given to me by him.He showed me a ticket.A ticket was shown to me by him.My father bought me a new bike. A new bike was bought for me by my father.5一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,
11、而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。We cant laugh at him. He cant be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. The radio is listened to by him every day.The nurse is taking care of the sick man. The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.6宾语补足语的被动语态They call him Bob./He is called Bob. 7谓语补助语态He is a bed
12、boy。张玲张玲:形容词比较级的用法和构成? 张宇光张宇光:四、形容词和副词的比较级、最高级 (Comparison of Adjectives and Adverbs) I形容词比较级和最高级的形式形容词比较级和最高级的形式 一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成 构 成 法 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 一般单音节词末尾加-er 和 -est strong stronger strongest 单音节词如果以-e 结尾,只加-r 和-st strange stranger strangest 闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母, 须先双写这个辅音字母,再加-er 和-est sad big h
13、ot sadder bigger hotter saddest biggest hottest 少数以-y, -er(或-ure), -ow, -ble 结尾的双音节词, 末尾加-er 和-est (以-y 结尾的词,如 y 前是辅音字母, 把 y 变成 i,再加-er 和-est,以-e 结尾的词仍 加-r 和-st) angry clever narrow nobleangrier cleverer narrower nobler angriest cleverest narrowest noblest 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词 more 和 most difficult mor
14、e difficult most difficult二、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式 原 级 比 较 级 最 高 级 good / well better best bad / ill worse worst many / much more most little few less least far farther / further farthest / furthestII词比较级和最高级的形式词比较级和最高级的形式 副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样。 一、一般副词hardharder hardest fastfaster fastest latelater late
15、st earlyearlier earliest 二、特殊副词well better best much more most badly worse worst little less least 三、开放类副词开放类副词即以后缀-ly 结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加-er 或-est,而应在副词原形前 加 more 或 most。如:quickly more quickly most quickly quietly more quietly most quietlyIII形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法 一、比较级 1比较级通常由 “形容词(副词)比较级
16、+than+” 构成,表示在两者中间一方比另 一方“更加” 。连词 than 后可接句子,也可接名词、代词、名词短语、介词短语、动 词、动词不定式、-ing 结构和-ed 结构,有时也可省去 than。如: Mary is happier than Jane. 玛丽比珍妮幸福。 (形容词和系词连用) He lives more happily than I. 他过得比我幸福。 (副词修饰行为动词) 2注意 than 前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致。如: The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than it did for us. Sound travels faster through water