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1、定语,什么是定语？定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的”表示。单词作定语一般前置,句子或短语作定语则必须后置.句子作定语则叫定语从句.a blue sea a handsome boy,定语从句的位置:1.紧跟在先行词的后面:You must do everything that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied.,2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句,He laughs best who laughs last.He is the only on
2、e of the teachers who comes from Qingdao.,3.as引导的定语从句可前移As you all know,the earth is round.,定语从句,Join the following sentences:1. A plane is a machine. The machine can fly.A plane is can fly.A plane is can fly.,a machine,the machine,a machine,that /which,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词machine。,2. The
3、girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.The girl is Mary.The girl is Mary.,we saw her yesterday,who/that we saw yesterday,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，who/that代指先行词the girl。,1. The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.2. This is the city where I was born.定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词。关系词/连接
4、词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的连接词，一定要在从句中充当成分。,定语从句:,关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3.that不能放在介词的后面4.whose=of which 或 of whom5.as关系副词(作状语) :1.where=介词+ which2.when=介词+ which3.why=for+which,4.way的特殊用法 the way,he lives.that he lives.in which he lives.,关系词的作用:1)连接；2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分。,一、关系代词,1. The
5、 number of people _ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.A. who B. which C. where D. when,A,1. who,作定从的主语/宾语指人作主语时不可省略指代先行词,2. The boy _ we saw yesterday was Johns brother.A. whom B. / C. which D. when,AB,2. whom,作定从的宾语指人可省略指代先行词,3. Spielberg won a prize for a short film _ he made.A. which B. who C
6、. / D. where,AC,3. which,作定从的主语或宾语指物作宾语可省略指代先行词,4. Its about a big shark_ attacks swimmers _ are spending their holidays in a small village.A. where B. who C. that D. which E./,4. that,作定从的主语或宾语指物或人作宾语可省略指代先行词,CD,BC,5. Spielberg, _ mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946.A. who B. which C. whos
7、e D. that,C,5. whose,作定从的定语指物或人不可省略指代先行词=sbs/sths,I once lived in a house _ was broken. A. whose roof B. which roofC. of which the roof D. the roof of which,ACD,5. whosenof which/whom the +n =the +n+of which/whom,她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人。,Her parents dont want to marry their daughter to a man_ is poor.,w
8、hose family,=the family of whom,=of whom the family,the roof of the house,关系副词和定语从句,I still remember the day. .,=when,(1),(2),on the day,I came here,=on which,我仍然记得（我来到这里的）那天。,(1)我仍然记得这天。 (2)在这天我来到这里。,1. Do you know the date _ Lincoln was born?A. which B. on which C. when D. where,1. when,BC,作定从的时间状
9、语指时间,在从句中表示在.时间=in/on.+which先行词为时间名词,This is the house . last year.,=in which= where,I lived,in the house,(1),(2),就是这所（我去年住过的）房子。,(1)就是这所房子。 (2)我去年在这所房子住过。,2. The farm _ we picked cotton was 90 kilometers away.A. when B. where C. why D. on which,BD,2. where,作定从的地点状语指地点,在从句中表示在.地点=in/on.+which先行词为地点名
10、词(situation, business, case, point, surroundings,environment,scene等为地点概念的名词),He gave a reason.,=for which =why,(1),(2),for the reason.,people like music,(1)他给了一个原因 (2)因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。,他给了一个（人们喜欢音乐的）原因。,3. I dont know the reason _ he looks unhappy.A. that B. why C. for which D. /,BC,3. why,作定从的原因状语指原因,在
11、从句中表示因为.原因=for which先行词为reason,I disapprove the reasons _ he came up with.A. that B. why C. for which D. /,AD,因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语,则只能用that/which,4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。I dont like the way _ he talked to his mother.I dont like the way _ he chose to do it.A. that B. in which C. / D. how,ABC,AC
12、,way方式，方法,1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时,用that或者in which且可以略。2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用that或which,关系代词的用法,关系代词在从句中可以：,何时可以省略？,何时可以省略？,做宾语时可以省略,解题方法和技巧,1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。2.其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是reason,way。,1. She looked at Jeff_ was waving his arms.2. The girl _ leg was broken in
13、 the earthquake was taken to hospital.3. And there she saw a wall of water _ was quickly advancing towards her.A. who B. that C. whose D. which,1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；2、再看先行词。,AB,C,BD,I still remembered the park _ I lost my wallet.This is the park _ I visited yesterday.,where,that /,定语从句使用中的特殊情况,一、只能用tha
14、t的情况：1. 先行词既有物又有人时。He spoke of the persons and things that he had seen abroad.2.先行词是something, anything, all, nothing等不定代词时。Is there anything that I can do for you?3.当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被,all,the very,the only,the just修饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.,二、不用that的情况：1.介词后禁用关系词that。I hear
15、d of the man, about whom he talked.2. 非限制性定语从句。She was late again, which made me unhappy.,定语从句使用中的特殊情况,about that(X),that(X),三,介词关系代词的问题。,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,to,in,Are these two sentences right?,介词+关系代词的情况 1,The man who/whom you spoke was a scientist.The city that/which she lives is far away.,
