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1、四个表花费词汇的分析形容词和副词比较等级的特殊点有些同学常常把 spend，cost，pay，take 这些表示“ 花”的动词混淆，它们有什么不同呢？spend 的主语通常是人，往往用于以下句型： 1. (sb) spend some money/some time on sth. 2. (sb)spend some money/some time(in)doing sth.例如： I spent fifty yuan on the coat. = I spent fifty yuan (in) buying the coat. 我花 50 元买了这件大衣。 He spent three da
2、ys on the work. = He spend three days (in) doing the work. 我干这项工作用了 3 天。 3.spend money for sth. 花钱买。例如：His money was spent for books. 他的钱用来买书了。take 常用于“占用、花费”时间，后面常跟双宾语，其主语通常为形式主语“it”或物。句式是： 1. It takes/took sb.some time to do sth例如：It will take me two days to do the work.这项工作花了 2 天时间。2. Doing sth./
3、Sth.takes sb.some time. 例如： The work will take me two days.这项工作花了 2 天时间。Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车。It took me three years to draw the beautiful horses. =Drawing the beautiful horses took me three years.画这些漂亮的马花费了我 3 年时间。 pay 为“付款、赔偿”之意，主语通常是人，句型1. sb. pays some money f
4、or sth例如： I paid fifty yuan for the coat.我花 50 元买了这件大衣。2. pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱（给某人）买。例如：I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付 20 英磅的房租。3. pay money back 还钱。例如：May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week. 你能借给我 12 块钱吗？下周还你pay off ones money还清钱。 cost 的主语是物或某
5、种活动， 还可以表示“值”。句型1. sth. costs (sb.) money,某物花了（某人）多少钱。例如：A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。2. (doing) sth. costs (sb.) time, 某物（做某事）花了（某人）多少时间。例如：Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。 注意：cost 的过去式及过去分词都是 cost，并且不能用于被动句。 2004 年北京市海淀区中考试题Im interested in
6、animals, so I _ every Saturday working in an animal hospital.A. pay B. get C. take D. spend【解析】答案：D。该题考查的是 pay, get, take 和 spend 这四个动词的用法区别。只有动词spend 可以用在 sb. spends time doing sth. 这个句型里，所以正确答案影视 spend。This science book _ me a great amount of money.A. took B. cost C. used D. spent答案：B形容词和副词比较等级的特殊
7、点一、同级比较的特殊点在 as . as 结构中，若形容词作定语修饰单数可数名词，不定冠词 a (an)应置于形容词和名词之间，不可放在形容词之前。例如：她和你的父亲一样是个好老师。误 She is as a good teacher as your father.正 She is as good a teacher as your father.二、比较级的特殊句型1. “the + 比较级 + of the two”表示“两者中较的一个”。例如：Wang Gang is the taller of the two boys.2. “比较级 + and + 比较级” 表示“ 越来越”，注意多
8、音节形容词或副词用 “more and more + 多音节形容词或副词原级”。例如：The days are getting longer and longer. English is becoming more and more important. 3. “The + 比较级， the + 比较级”表示“越越”。例如：The busier he is, the happier he feels. 三、最高级的特殊句型1. “one of the + 最高级 + 复数名词 ”表示“最之一”。例如：China is one of the largest countries in the wo
9、rld. 2. “the + 序数词 + 最高级 + 单数可数名词”表示“第几”。例如：The Yellow River is the second longest river of China. 3. 当最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格修饰时，其前不加 the；若两个最高级并列使用，后一个最高级前也可以不加 the。例如：He is our best friend. Liu Fang is the youngest and shortest girl in our class.四、级与级之间的转换1. 原级与比较级转换的常见句型： not so (as) +单音节形容词或副词 + a
10、s 单音节形容词或副词的反义词比较级 + than。例如： Tom is not so(as) tall as John. Tom is shorter than John. not so (as) + 多音节形容词或副词 + as less + 多音节形容词或副词原级 + than。例如：Tom is not so(as) careful as Mary. Tom is less careful than Mary. 2. 比较级间的转换：常改变比较对象的位置并使用形容词或副词的反义词。例如：John is younger than Bill. Bill is older than John
11、.Li Mei comes earlier than Ma Hong every day. Ma Hong comes later than Li Mei every day.3. 比较级转换为最高级的常见句型： 比较级+than + any other + 单数名词。例如：Zhang Lei is taller than any other student in his class. Zhang Lei is the tallest student in his class. 比较级 + than + the other + 复数名词。例如：Mike is younger than the other boys in his class. Mike is the youngest boy in his class. 比较级 + than + anyone else。例如：Mr Smith is fatter than anyone else in his office. Mr Smith is the fattest in his office.
