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1、苏州园林英语介绍苏州园林英语介绍The Classical Gardens of Suzhou（苏州园林英语介绍）苏州园林, 英语, The, Classical, GardensSuzhou is located in the southeastern part of Jiangsu Province. The city was established as the capital of the state of Wu during the Warring States Period of the Eastern Zhou dynasty, c.476-221 BCE. When the G
2、rand Canal linking many older canals in China was constructed during the Sui dynasty, Suzhou prospered, becoming a center of the silk trade. During the Song dynasty, nearby Hangzhou became the imperial capital and Suzhou grew as well, a convenient retreat for scholars, officials and merchants. Marco
3、 Polo visited “Su-chau“ and remarked on the large size of the city, its prosperity, the silk trade and its “6,000 stone bridges“. He said that the name of the city meant “Earth“, and that there was another nearby city designated as “Heaven“. Other early sources referred to Suzhou as “Earthly Paradis
4、e“. Gardening in Suzhou reached its height during the Ming and Qing dynasties. There were over 280 private gardens then in Suzhou and landscaping became an art with established masters. The mild climate, along with 230 frost-free days and around 43 inches of rain annually the area is perfect for gar
5、dening endeavors. Sixty-nine gardens in and around Suzhou are still in good condition. In 1997, UNESCO added four of the private gardens of Suzhou to the World Heritage list, extending this in 2000 to include the historic section of the city and five other gardens in the area. Northern Song DynastyT
6、he Canglang Pavilion The Blue Waves Pavilion, The Surging Waves Pavilion, Cang Lang Ting The Blue Waves Pavilion is the oldest of the existing private gardens of Suzhou. It began as an imperial flower garden in the Five Dynasties period. Su Shunqin, a poet and a judge in the high courts of the North
7、ern Song dynasty, bought the property and built a pavilion beside the water. When he left office he lived there and wrote articles which were later collected in a book called Scholar Sus Writings. During the Southern Song dynasty Han Shizhong, a famous general who fought the Nuzhen Tartars, lived on
8、 the property. During the Ming dynasty the garden became a temple and later fell into disrepair. The garden was reconstructed in the Qing dynasty, at which time it was expanded into the nearby fields and more buildings and other features were added. While most of the gardens of Suzhou are surrounded
9、 by walls, this one is centered on a large lake and its streams which wind through the grounds. The focal point is the Facing the Water Pavilion which sits at the edge of the water. There is a miniature mountain at the center of the garden and a smaller mountain at the southern end. There are twenty
10、 buildings, and a number of steles and tablets throughout the garden, along with very old trees and eighteen kinds of bamboo. Yuan DynastyThe Lion Grove Garden The Lion Forest Garden, Shi Zi Lin The Lion Grove Garden was begun in 1342 as a temple garden, part of the Puti Zhengzong Temple. During the
11、 Ming Dynasty, it drew Buddhist scholars, painters and poets. The Qing emperor Qian Long was so impressed with the garden that he inscribed three characters on a tablet, called the True Delight tablet, which can still be seen today. This garden takes its name from the numerous lion-shaped stones the
12、re, though erosion has altered many of them past recognition. Enclosed by high walls are rockeries which cover half of the garden with a shallow lake at the center, along with many very old pines and cypress trees. The most important features of this garden are its man-made mountains. The Lion Peak
13、is the highest of these and contains many grottoes connected by a labyrinth of stone paths. Ming DynastyThe Humble Administrators Garden Zhuo Zheng Yuan Developed over several centuries, the Humble Administrators Garden is the largest and most famous of the gardens in Suzhou and its many styles are
14、representative of the history of classical gardening in Suzhou. It was begun in the early 16th century by Wang Xianchen, a government official who either retired or was demoted before returning to his hometown. Originally built on the site of the Da Hong Monastery, the garden was named from a line i
15、n a Jin Dynasty poem: “Building a house and planting trees, watering the garden and selling vegetables constitute a humble administrators business“. The garden frequently changed owners, each contributing his own vision. During the era of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the mid 1800s, the Loyal Prin
16、ce Li Xiucheng lived here. Water comprises three-fifths of the whole garden which is divided into three parts. The Garden of the Unsuccessful Politician is at the center and took on its present appearance in the Later Qing dynasty though the original structure remained. It features mountains and a lake at its center with many of the forty-eight buildings in the garden along its shore. The Affiliated Garden to the west, once a garden belonging to a separate family, features elegant pavilions
