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1、English writing for English Majors 2009, Feb.-July 20101常用句型和过渡词语常用句型和过渡词语（1）度量）度量 a. The length (areas, volume of X is measured in) b. The length (width, diameter of X is) c. Readings (Measurements of the speed (temperature) should be taken.1. The explosive force is measured in tons. 2. The road ha
2、s a length of 100 kilometers （2）比例）比例 a. be in ratio of X to Y b The ratio of A to B (between A and B) is X:Y c. The proportion of A to B is X to Y. d. be mixed in a proportion of X to Y1. The ratio between attackers and defenders was roughly eight to one. 2. The two materials are mixed in a proport
3、ion of 10 to 2.（3）最大量、最小量和平均数）最大量、最小量和平均数 a. have the maximum (minimum) speed (pressure ) of X b. The maximum (minimum )speed (pressure) is X. c. have the highest (lowest) weight (density) limit of X d. The upper (lower) limit of weight (density) is X. e. have an average of X f. The average length (
4、depth, width) of X is1. The minimum speed allowed on the highway is 100 kilometers per hour. 2. The rainfall in the mountains is on an average of 150 cm a year.(4) 计算计算 a. X and Y is Z. b. X plus (added to, minus, subtracted from, times, multiplied by, divided by ) Y is ( is equal to, equals to, mak
5、es) Z. c. If you add X to (substracted from, taken away from, multiplied by, divided by ) Y, the result (answer) is Z.1. Twenty divided by four is equal to five. 2. If you multiply four by five, you will get twenty.(5) 倍数和百分数倍数和百分数 a. X times as high (fast) as. b. X times higher (faster) than c. X t
6、imes the weight ( length) of YEnglish writing for English Majors 2009, Feb.-July 20102d. make (constitute) +percentage of X e. make the majority (greater percentage, greater part) of X f. increase (decrease) by percentage g. increase (decrease) to percentage(6) 部分和整体部分和整体 a. X contains (includes)of
7、. b. X consists of (is composed of, is made up of ) c. X content in (of)is. d. The composition of X is. e. X forms (comprises).1. The plane is composed of several thousand parts 2. The vitamin B content in the drink is 10 %.（7）分类）分类 a. There are.kinds (types, sorts, varieties, etc.) of X. b. be divi
8、ded intoclasses c. be of kinds (types) d. fall into.classes1. Books can be divided into different classes according to different standard. 2. There are several kinds of roses(8)肯定与不肯定肯定与不肯定 a. be sure (certain ) that. b. be convinced that (of ) c. It is doubtless that d. It is clear that e. It is on
9、es belief that. f. It can be said with certainty that g. It is known to all that. h. There is no doubt that. i. have no doubt that. j. be not sure (certain) that k. doubt if. l. suppose (guess) that m. There is some doubt about.(9)比较比较 a. X is much bigger than Y. b. X is quite different from Y. c. X
10、 is exactly the same as Y. d. X and Y are different in every way.English writing for English Majors 2009, Feb.-July 20103e. X is not quite as (so) strong as Y. f. X and Y have a little in common. g. With regard to., X is better than Y. h. One of the differences between X and Y is that. i. X is diffe
11、rent from Y in that. j. On the one hand, X is; on the other hand, X is. k. be the more.of the two. l. In relation to X, A is twice asas B. m. There is a slight increase in X.1. With regard to content, this book is better than that one. 2. Among all of them she did the work most successfully.(10)相似相似
12、 a. be the same as. b. be of the same. c. be alike in .as d. be like. e. be similar to f. be identical in every aspect.1. This coat is exactly the same as that one. 2. The two cars are identical in every aspect.(11) 相异相异 a. X differs from Y in shape b. X can be distinguished from Y by c. X, unlike Y
13、, has. d. It is useful to distinguish between X and Y. e. X has.as against to.1. This TV set differs from the others in its shape. 2. The revised thesis has six parts as compared with the eight parts of the original one.(12)因果因果 a. The cause of (reason for) .is. b. The effect (result, consequence) o
14、f is c. X is caused by d. X is because of e. The reason is that f. That is why. g. Now that (seeing that) X. h. X is so.that.English writing for English Majors 2009, Feb.-July 20104i. X is. Because. j. Therefore, it can be concluded that k. From the results, it can be seen that. l. In conclusion, it
15、 can be said that.(13)目的目的 a. X.for the purpose of. b. The purpose of X is to. c. Xwith a view to. d. x.in order to.（14） 条件条件 a. If., X. b. Provided that., X. c. On condition that., X d. With (without, Given, In case of)., X.(15)意愿意愿 a. X will. b. X is willing to. c. X would.if X should(16)决定与意见决定与意
16、见 a. X has decided to . b. X has decided on. c. In ones opinion. d. It seems. e. As far as X is concerned.(17)可能与不可能可能与不可能 a. X can be. b. It is possible that. c. X is likely that. d. X may not. e. It is unlikely that. f. X is not likely to. g. It is probable that.(18) 似乎和好象似乎和好象 a. It seems that. b. X appears (to be). c. It looks as ifEnglish wr
