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1、英语定语从句的翻译英语定语从句的翻译一、定语从句的翻译（一）前置法（一）前置法1）Pollution is a pressing problem which we must deal with.污染是我们必须解决的一个迫切的问题。2）A youngster who has no playmates of his age living nearby may benefit greatly from attending nursery school.没有年纪相仿的玩伴陪伴的儿童最好就是去幼儿园。（二）后置法（二）后置法A重复关系代词所代替的先行词1）They are striving for th
2、e ideal which is close to the heart of every Chinese and for which, in the past, many Chinese have laid down their lives.他们正在为理想而奋斗，这个理想关系到每个中国人的心。过去，许多中国人为之而牺牲。2）Each team plays ten or eleven games each season which begins in September and ends in November.每队每个季节玩 1011 个游戏，游戏从 9 月开始，11 月结束。B省略关系代词，
3、把定语从句译成并列谓语3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.4）Some of the energy is converted into heat, which helps to maintain our body temperature at about 37.C把关系代词译成人称代词5）We have seen many chemical changes, from which physical changes are different.6）It was an old woman
4、, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned.D当关系代词指整个主句时，应把关系代词译成指示代词“这”7）The activity was postponed, which was exactly what we wanted.8）Salt is crystalized from sea water, which is known to be a physical change.（三）融合法（三）融合法1）There is somebody
5、waiting for you who I think might be one of your friends from your native town.有个人在外面等你，我想这个人可能是你家乡的一位朋友。2）There were men in that crowd who had stood there every day for a month.那个群体里有很多男人，那些男人每天都站在那儿已经一个月了。（四）成状语从句（四）成状语从句1）In office, figures, lists and information are compiled which ell the manage
6、rs or heads of the business what is happening in their shops or factories. （目的状语）2）He did not remember his father who died when he was three years old. （原因状语）3）For many machine whose input and output forces are known, its mechanical advantage can be calculated. （条件状语）4）他要再造一幢房子，尽管他并无此需要。 （让步状语）He in
7、sisted on building another house, which he had no use for.5）这个方案富有创意，别出心裁，又有魄力，所以令他们都很满意。 （原因状语）练习：练习：Translate the following sentences into English. 1. My uncle, who will be seventy tomorrow, is still a keen sportsman. 2. Never say anything behind a persons back that you wouldnt say to his face. 3.
8、 Chinese trade delegations have been sent to African countries, who will negotiate trade agreements with the respective governments. 答案：答案： 1尽管我大伯明天就满 70 岁了，但他仍然热衷于运动。 2当面不愿说的话，千万不要在背后说。 3中国已派出贸易代表团前往非洲各国，与这些国家的政府商谈贸易协定。二同位语从句的翻译：二同位语从句的翻译：同位语从句的翻译方法主要有三种：（1）把同位语从句译成先行词的定语；如：The news that he intende
9、d to come gave us much pleasure.他打算来的消息使我们非常高兴。Weve lost our faith in the idea that we can all get ahead in life through hard work.（2）省略先行词或将先行词译成动词，而对于同位语从句，可视情况单独译为一句或不单独成句； 如：I hire a public relations person to publicize the fact that I work from home.我雇了一名公关人员，向公众宣布，我是在家工作的。Your assumption, that
10、 things will improve, is unfounded.（3）可加“这” 、 “这个” 、 “即”等词将同位语从句译成分句，或使用冒号、破折号等；如：The hard truth, that they had spent all their money, was a great shock to her.I insist upon an answer to my question whether he was coming or not.此外，有些特殊的同位语从句以疑问句、祈使句等形式出现，有时用逗号与主句隔开，而没有引导 语。这类同位语从句翻译时往往译成汉语的分句，用冒号与主句
11、隔开。如： The question sometimes comes to my mind, “Was it worth the effort?“ I should like to say to you one important thing. Go slowly in this matter.另外，有时同位语从句前面还有同位指示词，如：as, namely, that is, such as 等用以指明同位语从句 与中心句的关系。一般可按顺序直译。如：She gave me a great deal of miscellaneous information, as that Williams real name was Mr. Hicking.Many questions such as how the guests should be seated remained unanswered.Americans are far more race-conscious than they are class-conscious.
