《安哥拉油气经济》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《安哥拉油气经济（14页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、张卓2011219514 安哥拉能源现状Angola, an OPEC member since 2007, is the second largest oil producing country in Africa and a significant supplier to both China and the United States. Over the past decade, Angola has become one of the largest crude oil producing countries in Africa, and even briefly became the
2、 largest in 2009, surpassing Nigeria as the latter suffered from attacks on oil infrastructure in the Niger Delta. The oil sector plays an important role in the Angolan economy, accounting for over 95 percent of export revenues and over 75 percent of government revenues according to the Internationa
3、l Monetary Fund. Angola is a member of the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) and as such, faces crude oil production limitations set by the organization. Angolas target crude oil production is currently between 1.52 and 1.66 million barrels per day (bbl/d). Despite these limitatio
4、ns, Angola is expected to increase oil production and capacity in the short-term as new offshore projects come online and foreign investment continues to flow into the sector. Natural gas production in Angola is tied directly to oil production and is often vented or flared, with limited volumes cons
5、umed domestically. Developments are underway to capture andmarket this natural gas for domestic electricity generation and to export most of it in the form of liquefied natural gas (LNG) by 2012. Angola is still rebuilding the infrastructure destroyed during the country s 27-year civil war that came
6、 to an end in 2002. Some security issues remain, specifically in the disputed oil-rich Cabinda exclave where separatist groups are still active. In recent years, China has provided several multi-billion dollar oil-backed loans to fund infrastructure development. These loans are costly and repayment
7、depends heavily on international oil prices. At the same time, Chinese firms are playing an important role in Angolan recovery while Angola has become one of the leading suppliers of oil to China. Regionally, uncertainty remains regarding the shared maritime borders of Angola and the Democratic Repu
8、blic of Congo (Kinshasa). However, the two governments have been working together to promote joint oil developments in the area, specifically in the Lower Congo Basin. Some developments in Blocks 14 and 15 have been postponed pending agreements between the two countries. According to the Internation
9、al Energy Agency, the countrys total primary energy supply consists of mostly combustibles, renewable and waste, accounting for 64 percent of the countrys energy balance; oil accounting for 28 percent; natural gas 5 percent and hydroelectricity 3 percent. About 97 percent of Angolas electricity gene
10、ration comes from hydroelectric sources. Angolas total energy consumption is characterized by large populations living in rural areas with limited access to electricity. The countrys electrification rate is approximately 26 percent and approximately 13.7 million people lack access to electricity wit
11、h power shortages among those that do have access. These populations often rely on traditional biomass uses to meet domestic heating and cooking needs. The Angolan governments current infrastructure development priorities focus on electricity with plans underway to repair existing hydroelectric dams
12、 and complete a thermal plant in the Zaire province. 石油In 2010 Angola was the second largest crude oil producer in Africa. Planned short-term capacity increases will offset declines in older fields. According to the Oil and Gas Journal (OGJ), as of January 2011 Angola had proved oil reserves of 9.5
13、billion barrels while BP Statistical Review of World Energy places Angolan proved reserve volumes as high as 13.5 billion barrels. The majority of Angolas oil reserves are located in offshore blocks, in part because onshore exploration was limited as a result of the civil war. However, there are som
14、e proven reserves onshore around the northern city of Soyo and also, in the somewhat volatile Cabinda Province. In 2007, Angola formally became a member of OPEC and in 2009, held the Organizations presidency. In 2010 Angola produced an estimated 1.85 million barrels per day (bbl/d) but in the first
15、half of 2011, these volumes decreased to an average of 1.65 million bbl/d. The drop in production volumes is attributed mostly to technical problems in the ExxonMobil operated Saxi-Batuque fields in Block 15 and problems at the BP-operated Greater Plutonio development in Block 18 . Going into the se
16、cond half of 2011, Angolas production is expected to return to earlier peaks as these problems are being resolved (adding back about 150,000 bbl/d). Additional increases are expected in the short-term with the startup of the 220,000 bbl/d Pazflor field in block 17 expected online later in 2011 and the 150,000 bbl/d PSVM field in Block 31 planned for early 2012. 原油出口Oil consumption is estimated to be around 74,000 bbl/d, leaving almost all production for export. The majority of Ang
