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1、高中语法- 1 -虚拟语气虚拟语气三个公式条件从句的谓语动词(if)主句的谓语动词与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be 动词常用were)should/would+动词原形与过去事实相反Had+动词过去分词should/would have+动词过 去分词与将来事实相反1. 动词过去式 2. should+动词原形 3. were to+动词原形should/would+动词原形（07 全国）_ he had not hurt his leg,John would have won the race.A.IfB.SinceC.ThoughD.When 注： 1.主句中的 should 通常用于第一
2、人称，would 可用于任何人称，根据意思的需要可用情态 动词 could,might 等代替 should,would. 2.条件句中如动词是 be,其过去式所有人称的单复数都用 were，但在口语中，第一三人称 单数常用 was 代替 were,但是 if I were you 是不变的。 3.当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时，if 可以省略，这时条件从 句要用倒装语序，即将 were, should, had 等词置于句首eg.Should he agree to go there, we would send him there.Were she her
3、e, she would agree with us.Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 注：若条件从句为否定句，否定词not 应置于主语之后，而不能与 were, should, had 等缩略成 Werent, Shouldnt, Hadnt 而置于句首 (06 湖北)_fired,your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off.A.Would you beB.Should you beC.Could
4、you beD.Might you be 八个句型 1)于 wish 后的宾语从句表示“可惜就好了；悔不该；但愿” （=if only） wish 后表示与现在事实相反的愿望，后面接动词过去式；表示与过去事实相反的愿望， 后面接 had+done；表示将来难以实现的愿望，后面接 could/should/would/might+动 原。 eg.I wish I were 10 years younger.(对现在情况的虚拟) I wish I had gone to the football match last night.(对过去情况的虚拟)I wish I could become a
5、super star some day.注：主句中 wish 的各种时态都不影响从句的时态。eg.He wishes you would go and visit him.(02 上海)How I wish every family_a large house with a beautiful garden!A.hasB.hadC.will haveD.had had 2)用于 if only，as if/though 引导的条件状语从句中，动词形式与 wish 的宾语从句的谓 语动词相同。eg.She looked after the orphan as if he were her own
6、 child.(03 上海)Look at the trouble I am in!If only I _ your advice.A.followedB.would followC.had followedD.should follow高中语法- 2 -3)It is (high/about) time that + should do/动词过去式.eg.It is time that you should go home. 注：此处的 should 不能省略。（现在或将来动作）动词过去式4)would rather + 从句 “宁愿别人做某事”（过去动作）过去完成时eg.I would r
7、ather you did not tell him.(将来动作)would rather do“宁愿自己做某事” 5)一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advice. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中，无论 主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：“should + 动词原形”(should 可以省略)。 此类词还有 idea,suggestion,advise,proposal(n.建议)等。eg.I suggested that we s
8、hould hold a meeting to discuss the problem.My suggestion is that.（表语）I made a suggestion that.(同位语)It is suggested that. 注：a.suggest 意为“建议”才用虚拟语气 ，表示“暗示”的时候，不用虚拟。b.insist 表示“坚持要求”的时候，不用虚拟。 6)主语从句中，有表情绪、观点的形容词或名词 时也要用虚拟语气 ，从句的谓语动词 都要用 should+动词原形（ should 可以省略） 。 A.It is necessary（important/natural/s
9、trange/essential that (should) do.It is + adj. +that (should) do.B.It is a pity(a shame/no wonder/a honor) that (should) do. C.It is suggested(requested/proposed/desired) that (should) do. should 表示“竟然，竟然” ，主句的动词时态不限。 7)含蓄虚拟非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文 或其他方式表示出 来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短 语中
10、，如 otherwise ，without, but for 等。eg.I was very tired.Otherwise,I would have gone to the party with you last night.Life without any friends or family would be lonely for me.But for the rain we should have had a pleasant journey.(But for 主句+完成 时)If only we had done as we were told. （08 山东）Thank you fo
11、r all your hard work last week.I dont think we_it without you.A.can manageB.could have managedC.could manageD.can have managed (01 上海)He hesitated for a moment before kicking the ball,otherwise he _a goal.高中语法- 3 -A.had scoredB.scoredC.would scoreD.would have scored if it be not for也是一种条件虚拟语气从句eg.If
12、 it had not been for(=without) the help of our teacher,we should not have made so much progress. 8)错综时间条件句 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被成为“错综 时间条件句” ，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作出相应的调整。 （02 上海）It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love,at the age of seven,with the Melinda Cox Lib
13、rary in my hometown. A.wouldnt have fallen B.had not fallenC.should fallD.were to fall 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的 感情。 省略从句 eg.He would have finished it. 他本该完成了 。 省略主句 eg. If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。 用在目的状语从句中1.在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为 ： should + 动词原形。并且 sho
14、uld 不能省略,表达“以免，唯恐 ”之意。eg.She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 2. 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为： can/may/could/might/will/would/should + 动词原形。eg.He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer.He read the letter carefully in order that he shou
15、ld not miss a word. 在 whatever，whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形(指现在或将来 )。eg. We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. may +完成式(指过去) ，主句结构不限eg. You mustnt be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may h
16、ave made. 简单句中的虚拟语气 1. 说话时，为了表示客气、谦虚、委婉而有礼貌，言语常使用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气 的结构形式常为： would / could / might / should + 原形动词。eg. Would you mind my shutting the door? 2. May + 动词原形，表示祝愿和但愿。 eg.May you happy! 3. 谓语动词用原形表示强烈的愿望和祝愿。eg.Long live the king! 条件句中的省略 1. 省略条件句的主语和其后的动词 be：若主从句主语一致，且谓语部分包含有动词 be，通常可将主语和动词 be 省略eg. If repaired earlier, the tractor would not have broken down. (=If it had been repaired earlier) 要是早点儿修一下，拖拉机就不会抛锚了 2. 省略“it+be”eg. If
