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1、1必修三必修三 Module 4-6 语法语法 定语从句（定语从句（Attributive Clause）修饰人的关系代词做主语：who, that 做宾语：who, that, whom 做定语：whose修饰物的关系代词做主语或宾语：which，that 做定语：whose，of which修饰时间的名词when=介词+which修饰地点的名词Where=介词+which修饰原因的名词Why=for +which只用 that 的情况1. 先行词为 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much 等不定代词时； 2. 先行词被 all，ev
2、ery, any, each, much, little, no, some, few 等修饰时； 3. 先行词有形容词最高级和序数词修饰时； 4. 先行词既有人又有物时； 5. 先行词被 the only, the very 修饰时 6. 句子中已经有 who, which,为了避免重复时只用 who, whom, which 的情况1. 介词后面只能用 which 指物，whom 指人 2. 先行词本身就是 that 时限制性定语从句as 和 which 的区别1. as 可以放在主句前，也可以放在后面，有“正如， 就像”之意；而 which 引导的从句只能放在主句后， 无句意； 2. 名
3、词前有 such 和 the same 修饰时，关系代词用 as, 不能用 which一、概述一、概述 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that 和关系副词 when、where、why 等。Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.最后，那个小偷向警察交出他偷的所有的东西。
4、（引导词是关系代词 that）His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone whose family was poor.他父母不让他和家庭困难的人结婚。 （引导词是关系代词 whose）In 1519 another traveler who went to America from Europe discovered the tomato. 1519 年另一位从欧洲去美洲的旅行家发现了西红柿。 （引导词是关系代词 who）I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. 我仍然记得第一次去北京的那
5、一天。 （引导词是关系副词 when）This is the house where we lived last year. 这就是我们去年住的房子。 （引导词是关系副词 where） 二、关系代词和关系副词的功能二、关系代词和关系副词的功能关系代词和关系副词用来引导定语从句，关系代词可作主语、宾语、 ；关系副词可作状语。21、作主语、作主语 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需要的是大量的油。The foreigner who visited our class yesterda
6、y is from Canada.昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。They planted the trees which didnt need much water. 他们种植了需水不多的树木。2、作宾语、作宾语 在定语从句里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去The fish (which) we bought was not fresh. 我们买的鱼不新鲜。The person (whom) you just talked to is Mr. Li. 刚才你与其交谈的人是李先生。3、作状语、作状语 关系副词 where, when 和 why 在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语
7、。Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我将永远不会忘记我们在农场工作的那段日子。The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西部。This is the reason why he came late. 这就是他来晚的理由。 三、关系代词的用法三、关系代词的用法英语中的关系代词有 who，whom，whose，which，that 和 as。它们的用法如下：1、 who，whom 的用法的用法 who 和 whom
8、 指人，who 在定语从句中作主语；whom 在定语从句中作宾语。In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry. 起初，买到西红柿的人常常会生气。(作主语)The person (whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball. 你应该给他写信的人是波尔先生。(whom 作宾语能省略)2、whose 的用法的用法 whose 指人或物，指物时常可用 of which 取代。I have a friend whose father is a mayor. 我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。We l
9、ived in a house whose / of which window faces south. 我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。3、which 的用法的用法 which 指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。Today, fruit trees which once grew only in China can now be found in many parts of the world. 今天，那些曾经只在中国生长的果树能够在世界上许多地方看到了。 （作主语，不能省略）It is used to record the tickets (which) pas
10、sengers buy.它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。(作宾语，可以省略)He came late, which we all know. 我们都知道，他来晚了。 （作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略）4、that 的用法的用法 that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时其用法和 which 大致相同，但也有区别。All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力。 （that 指人，在从句中作主语，不能省略）This is the best play that was writt
11、en by Jack. 这是杰克写的最好的一个剧本。 （that 指物，在从句中作主语，不能省略）She is the only person (that) I can trust. 她是我唯一可以依赖的人。 （that 指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略）5、关系代词、关系代词 that 和和 which 的区别的区别（1)相同点3这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语时都可省略。The train that ( which ) has just left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语)The film that(whic
12、h) we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。(作宾语，可省略)（2）用 that，不用 which 的情况当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little 等不定代词时To get the job started, all that I need is your permission.要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。Is there anything that I can do for you?有什么要我做的事吗?当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时
13、。This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。The first thing that should be done is to get some food.该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。当先行词有 the very，the only，the same 等修饰时。Thats the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。Those are the very words that he used.那就是他的原话。当先
14、行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。当先行词为 the way 时，关系代词常用 that，但通常被省略。I dont like the way (that) you speak to her.我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。（3）用 which，不用 that 的情况引导非限制性定语从句
15、。Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much. 卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which, of course, made the others unhappy. 桃乐
16、茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。直接放在介词后作宾语时,构成“介词+关系代词” 。Language is the most important tool without which people cant communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。6、as 的用法的用法（1）as 引导限制性定语从句通常构成 such.as 或 the same.as 固定搭配，as 在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。I should like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。Dont read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书。（2）suchthat与 suchas“suchthat”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“suchas”表“像这样的”的
