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1、定语从句专题讲解 一、 基本概念： 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten y ears ago. 定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般用关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在 先行词与定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。 引导定语从句的关系 代词有：that, who, whom, whose, which，as 关系副词有：when, where, why. 二、关系词的用法： （一
2、）关系代词的用法： 1 作主语用 who, which 和 that, 如： He is the man who/that lives next door. The train which/that has just left is for Shenzhen. 2 作宾语用 whom, who, which, that, 如： The man (whom/who/that) we have just seen is a famous writer. Where is the book (which/that) I bought last week? 注：在非正式文体中，用于指人的关系代词 wh
3、o whom, that 通常可以省略，但在正式文体 中通常用 whom, 不可省略；用于指物的关系代词 which 和 that 在非正式文体中也通常省略， 但在正式文体中一般不省略。 3 作定语用 whose, 如： (a) He is the man whose car was stolen last week. (b) It was a meeting whose importance I did not realize at that time. 注：“whose +名词中心词” 这一结构在定语从句中既能作主语（如上 a 句） ，又能作宾语（如上 b 句） 。whose 的先行 词常
4、用来指人，但有时也可以用来指具体事物或抽象概念，这时可以与 of which 结构互换， 词序是：“名词+of which” ，如： They came to a house whose back wall had broken down. (= the back wall of which) Hes writte n a book the name of which Ive completely forgotten. (= whose name) 4 作表语只用 that ，它既可以指人，也可以指物，但时常省略。如：He is no longer the man that he used t
5、o be. This is no longer the dirty place (that) it used to be. （二）关系副词的用法： 1when 指时间，在从句中作时间状语，它的先行词通常有： time, day, morning, night, week, year 等。如： I still remember the time when I first became a college student. Do you know the date when Linc oln was born? 注：when 时常可以省略，特别是在某些句型和某些时间状语中。如：Each time
6、he came, he did his best to help us. 初中各年级课件教案习题汇总语文数学英语物理化学But help never stopped coming from the day she fell ill. 2where 指地点，在从句中作地点状 语。它的先行词常有：place, spot, street, house, room, city, town, country 等。 This is the hotel where they are staying. I forget the house where the Smiths lived. 注：where 有 时
7、也可以省略。如： This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 3 why 指原因或理由，它的先行词只有 reason。如：That is the reason why he is leaving so soon. 注：why 时常也可以省略。如： That is the real reason he did it.(三) 使用关系副词应注意下列几点： 1 这三个关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词+which 结构： when = on (in, at, during)+ which; where = in (at, on) + which; why
8、= for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day when (=on which) he arrived. The office where (=in which) he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason why (=for wh ich) we did it. 2 当先行词是表时间的 time, day 等和表地点的 place, house 等时，一定要注意分析从句的 结构，如果缺少主语或宾语时，关系词应该用 which 或 that, 缺少时间状语或地点状语时， 才能用 whe
9、n 或 where，试比较： Ill never forget the day when my hometown was liberated. Ill never forget the days which/that we spent together last summer. His father works in a factory where radio parts are made. His father works in a factory which/that makes radio parts. 3 when 和 where 既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。
10、而 why 只能引导限 制性定语从句。 三限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句 1限制性定语从句说明先行词的情况，对先行词起限定作用，与先行词关系十分密切，不 可用逗号隔开，也不可省略，否则全句意义就不完整。如：This is the telegram which he refers to. Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 2非限制性定语从句只是对先行词作补充说明，没有限定作用，它与先行词的关系比较松 散，因而不是关键性的，如果省略，原句的意义仍然完整。这种从句在朗读时要有停顿， 在文字中通常用逗号与主句隔开。如：This note was l
11、eft by Tom, who was here a moment ago. As a boy, he was always making things, most of which were electric. 引导非限制性定语从句的 关系词有：who, whom, whose, which, when 和 where，不可以用 that 和 why。 另外，非限制性定语从句从意义上讲，相当于一个并列句，在口语中使用并不普遍，在日 常生活中，人们通常用并列句或简单句来表达。如： I told the story to John, who later did it to his brother
12、. = I told the story to John, and he later told it to his brother. Yesterday I happened to see John, who was eager to have a talk with you. = Yesterday I happenedto see John and he was eager to have a talk with you. 3两种定语从句的内涵不同，限制性定语从句具有涉他性，而非限制性定语从句具有唯一 性，这在理解和翻译时应特别注意。试比较： All the books there, wh
13、ich have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him. All the books there that have beautiful pictures in them were written by him. His brother, who is eighteen years old, is a PLA man. （只有一个）His brother who is a PLA man is eighteen years old. （不止一个） 4有时，非限制性定语从句所修饰的不是某一个词，而是整个主句或是主句中的一个部分， 这时一般
14、采用 which 或 as 来引导。当整个主句（先行词）在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语 动词要用单数。 eg: He passed the exam, which/as he hoped he would. He has left here, which greatly upse ts me. 注： （1）as 引导的从句可以放在主句之前，而 which 引导的从句只能放在主句之后。They are hollow, which makes them very light. As is known to all, Taiwan is a part of China. （2）从意义上讲，which
15、指前面主句的内容；而 as 指代的是作为一般人都知道的常识性的 东西，因此常译成“就象 那样” 。 （3）如果定语从句的内容对主句的内容起消极作用或当非限制定语从句为否定时，则常用 which，而不用 as，如： She stole her friends money, which was disgraceful. He tore up my photo, which upset me. Tom drinks a lot everyday,which his wife doesnt likeat all. 5在正式文体中，以 the way 为先行词的限制性定语从句通常以 in which 或
16、 that 引 导，如： The way in which you answered the questions was admirable. 但在非正式文体中，人们通常省 略 in which 或 that : The way (in which) he spoke to us was suspicious. I don t like the way (that) you laugh at her. 四关系词的选择 1 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词作主语，只能用 who 指人，which 指物；关系代词 做宾语，常用 whom（口语中有时用 who）指人，which 指物，它们都不能用 that 代替。 2 关系代词作介词宾语
