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1、1 1、whichwhich areare includedincluded inin SettlementSettlement onon commercialcommercial credit?credit? （1）Payment in advance（2）Open account（3）Remittance（4）Collection 2 2、whichwhich areare includedincluded inin SettlementSettlement onon bankbank credit?credit? （1）Letter of credit（2）Bank guarantee
2、3 3、whatwhat areare includedincluded inin thethe ControlControl documents?documents? （1）Lists of specimen of authorized signatures （2）Telegraphic test keys （3）Terms and conditions （4）SWIFT authentic key 4 4、servicesservices providedprovided byby correspondentcorrespondent bankbank (1)collecting chec
3、ks,drafts,and other credit instruments (2)making loan or investments as agents for their customer banks (3)making credit investigations on firms that borrow in the open market (4)providing banks with foreign exchange facilities,including commercial and travelers checks (5)providing banks with funds/
4、loans in case of need. 5 5、clearingclearing principlesprinciples ofof internationalinternational paymentpayment system:system:The sum of payables of all banks should be equal to the sum of receivables.The net credits of the net receiving banks should be equal to net debts(借方）of all net paying banks（
5、债 务和信贷平衡） 6、types of endorsement Blank endorsement:空白背书。即不记载被背书人名称，只有背书人的签字。 Special endorsement:又称特别背书。需要记载:被背书人名称、背书日期、背书人签章。Restrictive endorsement:”支付给被背书人“的指示带有限制性的词语。 Conditional endorsement:”支付给被背书人“的指示是带有条件的。 7、understanding “Acts of a bill of exchange” and fill a bill of exchange (1) Issuan
6、ce;(2)Endorsement;(3)Presentment/Presentation;(4)Acceptance;(5)Payment;(6)Dishonor;( 7)Notice of dishonor;(8)Protest;(9)Right of recourse;(10)Acceptance for honor supra protest;(11)Payment for honor supra protest;(12)Guarantee(13)Discounting 汇票（Bill of Exchange/Postal Order/Draft）是由出票人签发的，要求付款人在见票时或
7、在一 定期限内，向收款人或持票人无条件支付一定款项的票据。 8、Classification of a bill of exchange 按有无附属单据光票汇票、跟单汇票 按出票人和付款人是否在同一地方直接汇票、间接汇票 按流通地域国内汇票、国际汇票。 按照流通货币分类本币流通汇票、外币流通汇票 9. Difference between a promissory note and a bill of exchange (1) A promissory note is a promise to pay,namely the maker and the payee，主债务人是制票人, only
8、has an original note .（只有一张原始的） (2) a bill of exchange is an order to pay;namely the drawer, the drawee and the payee.汇票的主债 务人承兑前是出票人，承兑后是承兑人.汇票有一套 a bill in a set（成套汇票） 10. types of acceptance(1) General Acceptance（普通承兑)(2) Qualified Acceptance（限制承 兑） 1111、M/TM/T、T/TT/T、D/DD/D：M/T（信汇）:费用便宜，速度慢。金额数量
9、小，不安全。T/T（电汇） ：最贵，快，金额大，最安全。D/D（票汇）：慢，费用便宜，金额可大可小，不安全。12、Reimbursement methods （1）Crediting vostro account of the paying bank（2）Debiting remitting banks nostro bank（ 3）Instructing a reimbursing bank to effect payment by debiting the remitting banks nostro account（4）Instructing the paying bank to cla
10、im reimbursement from another branch of the same bank or another bank with which the remitting bank opens an account（5）According to the payments agreement between two countries 13、type of crossing:General crossing,Special crossing(注明收款银行的名称 XXXbank ltd) 14、Types of collection：Documentary collections
11、 跟单托收意指金融单据附带商业票据的 托收，或者商业单据不附带金融单据的托收，即并无汇票，单是商业票据的托收 Clean collections 光票托收指出口商仅开具汇票而不附商业单据（主要指货运单据）的托收。DirectDirectDirect collectioncollectioncollection 直接托收是这样一种安排，委托人从他的银行即托收行那里获得托收指示 的空白格式，由他自己填写，连同托收单据直接寄给买方银行，即代收行。 15、Risks for exporter：（1）货物拒收（2）拒付汇票（3）外汇限制（4）货物丢Exporters measures against r
12、isks：1 调查进口商信誉 2 考虑进口国的政策和经济条件 3 考虑进口国的外汇管制 4 采取预防措施应对风险，立即结算， 16、RisksRisksRisks ofofof importerimporterimporter( (1)货物到达前就要交钱，无法验货（2）进口方签署了汇票以后会比 合同多一项法律义务，承兑。 （3）在一些国家，汇票拒绝支付的情况下，有可能是信誉受 损，或者被认为破产了。 17、Financing Under Collection Methods 出口商的有：托收出口押汇。 进口商的有信托收据、进口押汇、银行对货物担保（货物比单据早到，进口商找银行，先 提货） 18
13、、The obligations of the trustee in Trust receipt.(1)to arrange for the goods to be workhorse and issued in the banks name(2)to pay all the proceeds of sale to the bank or to hold them on behalf of the bank(3)not to put the goods in pledge to other persons(4)to return the goods or the proceeds to the
14、 bank at any time when requested(5)to settle claims of the bank before liquidation in case of the trustees bankruptcy191919、CharacteristicsCharacteristicsCharacteristics ofofof a a a letterletterletter ofofof creditcreditcredit （一）是一种银行信用，开证行付第一性的付款责任。信用证一经开出，其开证行即是主 债务人，是第一付款人。 （二）信用证是一项独立的文件，不依附于贸
15、易合同，不受合同条款约束。开证银行只对 信用证负责，只凭信用证所规定的单据向出口商付款，而不管出口商是否履行买卖合同， 所提交的单据是否符合合同要求。 （三）信用证是一种纯单据的买卖，业务的处理是以单据为准而不是以货物为准。 20、BenefitsBenefitsBenefits ofofof thethethe documentarydocumentarydocumentary creditcreditcredit：(1)Facilitate financing the documentary credit(2) provides legal protection(3)assure expe
16、rt examination of documents 21、Types of transfer 全额转让、部分金额转让、不替换发票转让、替换发票转让（第一 受益人不愿意别人知道买主） 22、 Amendments to the transferable credit：（1）买方的名字和地址改为一受（2）价格 可以减少使一受获益（3）交单期、装运期都可以缩短（4）保险金额增加 23、Types of negotiation credit：Free negotiation credit 不指定议付行的信用证 Restricted negotiation credit 指定议付行的信用证 24、Types of revolving credit（1）自动循环：按规定的时间或间隔装运货物议付后（2） 通知循环信用证：每次装货议付后，须等待和收到开证银行
