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1、九年级九年级 语法专题语法专题 形容词与副词形容词与副词语法讲解语法讲解 一、形容词一、形容词 (一一) 形容词的定义：形容词的定义： 1. 形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。形容词常在句中作定语, 表语等，简写为 adj.。例如：She is a good student, and she works hard. (定语)她是一个好学生,她学习努力。 This bike is expensive. （表语） 这辆自行车很贵。2. 从下列词中挑出形容词：call, postcard, anyway, bad, pudding, sweet, round, cook,
2、long, fireworks, traditional,easy, night, floor, wash, difficult, wrong, hot, lie, visit, interesting 3. 从下列句子中找到形容词：1) Christmas is an important festival in the western countries,2) Father Christmas is a fat man with a long white beard and wears a red suit. 3) Where do you stay in a foreign city?4)
3、 I hope the weather is going to be windy. 5) Is there anything interesting in this film?(important, western, fat, long, white, red, foreign, windy, interesting, this)(二二) 形容词的位置形容词的位置 1. 形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。This is a new shirt. We are having an exciting discussion. 2. 英语单词中 something, anything, nothi
4、ng, somebody, everybody 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在这些不定代词的后面。 I have something important to tell you. There is nothing dangerous here. Is there anything interesting in the film. 3. 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解 释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can
5、 take any box away, big or small.(三三) 形容词的用法形容词的用法 1. 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如：Our country is a beautiful country. （作定语）The fish went bad. （作表语）We keep our classroom clean and tidy. （作宾语补足语） 2. the形容词表示一类人或物。例如：The rich should help the poor.二、副词二、副词 (一一) 副词种类副词种类 1. 时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有：now
6、today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always 等。例如：He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing. 2. 地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有：here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, eve
7、rywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out 等。例如：I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here. 3. 方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎么样？”这类问题的，其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly 构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有：anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, sud
8、denly, successfully, angrily, happily,slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide 等。例如：The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast. 4. 程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词，有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有： much,(a) little, a
9、 bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly,almost, deeply, hardly, partly 等。例如：Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you. 5. 疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有：how, when, where, why 等。例如：How are you getting along with your studies?Wh
10、ere were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(二二) 副词在句中的位置副词在句中的位置 1. 多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语，则放在宾语之后。例如：Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well. 2. 频度副词作状语时，通常放在行为动词之前，情态动词，助动词和 be 动词之后。例如：He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill. 3. 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但 eno
11、ugh 作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的 后面。例如：It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough. 4. 副词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如：On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.(三三) 部分常用副词的用法部分常用副词的用法 1. very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”，但用法不同。very 用来修饰形容词和副词的原级，而 m
12、uch 用来修饰 形容词和副词的比较级。例如：She is a very nice girl.Im feeling much better now.much 可以修饰动词，而 very 则不能。例如：I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much. 2. too, either这两个副词都表示“也”，但 too 用于肯定句，either 用于否定句。例如：She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either. 3. alrea
13、dy, yetalready 一般用于肯定句，yet 一般用于疑问句和否定句。例如：He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet. 4. so, neitherso 和 neither 都可用于倒装句， 但 so 表示肯定，意为“也一样”；neither 表示否定，意为“也不”。例如：My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.三三. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词
14、的比较级和最高级 （一）变化规则（一）变化规则 1. 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 great (原级) greater (比较级) greatest(最高级) 2. 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级) 3. 以 -y 结尾,而且 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和 -est构成. happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级) 4以一个辅音字母结尾，其前面的元
15、音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级要双写该辅音字 母然后再加 -er 和-est。 big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级) 5. 以 y 结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级一般加-er，-est，clever 和 quiet 也要加 er 及 est， 其 他的一般加 more，most 构成比较级和最高级。以下形容词两种变化方法都可以：common likely pleasant simple cruel maturepolite stupid gentle narrow remote subtlehandsome obscure shallow 6. 多
16、音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用 more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。 beautiful (原级) difficult (原级) more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级) most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级) 7. 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级: 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best many more most much more most bad worse worst little less least ill worse worst far farther (further)
