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1、九年级九年级 语法专题语法专题 形容词与副词形容词与副词语法讲解语法讲解 一、形容词一、形容词 (一一) 形容词的定义:形容词的定义: 1. 形容词用来修饰名词或代词, 表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征。形容词常在句中作定语, 表语等,简写为 adj.。例如:She is a good student, and she works hard. (定语)她是一个好学生,她学习努力。 This bike is expensive. (表语) 这辆自行车很贵。2. 从下列词中挑出形容词:call, postcard, anyway, bad, pudding, sweet, round, cook,
2、long, fireworks, traditional,easy, night, floor, wash, difficult, wrong, hot, lie, visit, interesting 3. 从下列句子中找到形容词:1) Christmas is an important festival in the western countries,2) Father Christmas is a fat man with a long white beard and wears a red suit. 3) Where do you stay in a foreign city?4)
3、 I hope the weather is going to be windy. 5) Is there anything interesting in this film?(important, western, fat, long, white, red, foreign, windy, interesting, this)(二二) 形容词的位置形容词的位置 1. 形容词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。This is a new shirt. We are having an exciting discussion. 2. 英语单词中 something, anything, nothi
4、ng, somebody, everybody 等不定代词被形容词修饰时,形容词放在这些不定代词的后面。 I have something important to tell you. There is nothing dangerous here. Is there anything interesting in the film. 3. 用 and 或 or 连接起来的两个形容词作定语时一般把它们放在被修饰的名词后面。起进一步解 释的作用。 Everybody, man and woman, old and young, should attend the meeting. You can
5、 take any box away, big or small.(三三) 形容词的用法形容词的用法 1. 形容词在句中作定语, 表语, 宾语补足语。 例如:Our country is a beautiful country. (作定语)The fish went bad. (作表语)We keep our classroom clean and tidy. (作宾语补足语) 2. the形容词表示一类人或物。例如:The rich should help the poor.二、副词二、副词 (一一) 副词种类副词种类 1. 时间副词时间副词通常用来表示动作的时间。常见的时间副词有:now
6、today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early, never, seldom, sometimes, often, usually, always 等。例如:He often comes to school late.What are we going to do tomorrow?He is never been to Beijing. 2. 地点副词地点副词通常用来表示动作发生的地点。常见的地点副词有:here, there, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, eve
7、rywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out 等。例如:I met an old friend of mine on my way home.He went upstairs.Put down your name here. 3. 方式副词方式副词一般都是回答“怎么样?”这类问题的,其中绝大部分都是由一个形容词加词尾-ly 构成的, 有少数方式副词不带词尾-ly, 与形容词同形。常见的方式副词有:anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, sud
8、denly, successfully, angrily, happily,slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight, wide 等。例如:The old man walked home slowly.Please listen to the teacher carefully.The birds are flying high.He runs very fast. 4. 程度副词程度副词多数用来修饰形容词和副词,有少数用来修饰动词或介词短语。常见的程度副词有: much,(a) little, a
9、 bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly,almost, deeply, hardly, partly 等。例如:Her pronunciation is very good.She sings quite well.I can hardly agree with you. 5. 疑问副词是用来引导特殊疑问句的副词。常见的疑问副词有:how, when, where, why 等。例如:How are you getting along with your studies?Wh
10、ere were you yesterday?Why did you do that?(二二) 副词在句中的位置副词在句中的位置 1. 多数副词作状语时放在动词之后。如果动词带有宾语,则放在宾语之后。例如:Mr Smith works very hard.She speaks English well. 2. 频度副词作状语时,通常放在行为动词之前,情态动词,助动词和 be 动词之后。例如:He usually gets up early.Ive never heard him singing.She is seldom ill. 3. 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词和副词的前面, 但 eno
11、ugh 作副词用时,通常放在被修饰词的 后面。例如:It is a rather difficult job.He runs very fast.He didnt work hard enough. 4. 副词作定语时,一般放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:On my way home, I met my uncle.The students there have a lot time to do their own research work.(三三) 部分常用副词的用法部分常用副词的用法 1. very, much这两个副词都可表示“很”,但用法不同。very 用来修饰形容词和副词的原级,而 m
12、uch 用来修饰 形容词和副词的比较级。例如:She is a very nice girl.Im feeling much better now.much 可以修饰动词,而 very 则不能。例如:I dont like the idea much.They did not talk much. 2. too, either这两个副词都表示“也”,但 too 用于肯定句,either 用于否定句。例如:She can dance, and I can dance, too.I havent read the book and my brother hasnt either. 3. alrea
13、dy, yetalready 一般用于肯定句,yet 一般用于疑问句和否定句。例如:He has already left.Have you heard from him yet?He hasnt answered yet. 4. so, neitherso 和 neither 都可用于倒装句, 但 so 表示肯定,意为“也一样”;neither 表示否定,意为“也不”。例如:My brother likes football and so do I.My brother doesnt like dancing and neither do I.三三. 形容词和副词的比较级和最高级形容词和副词
14、的比较级和最高级 (一)变化规则(一)变化规则 1. 单音节形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在词尾加 -er 和 -est 构成。 great (原级) greater (比较级) greatest(最高级) 2. 以 -e 结尾的单音节形容词的比较级和最高级是在词尾加 -r 和 -st 构成。 wide (原级) wider (比较级) widest (最高级) 3. 以 -y 结尾,而且 -y 前是辅音字母的形容词的比较级和最高级是把 -y 去掉,加上 -ier 和 -est构成. happy (原形) happier (比较级) happiest (最高级) 4以一个辅音字母结尾,其前面的元
15、音字母发短元音的形容词的比较级和最高级要双写该辅音字 母然后再加 -er 和-est。 big (原级) bigger (比较级) biggest (最高级) 5. 以 y 结尾的双音节形容词的比较级和最高级一般加-er,-est,clever 和 quiet 也要加 er 及 est, 其 他的一般加 more,most 构成比较级和最高级。以下形容词两种变化方法都可以:common likely pleasant simple cruel maturepolite stupid gentle narrow remote subtlehandsome obscure shallow 6. 多
16、音节形容词的比较级和最高级需用 more 和 most 加在形容词前面来构成。 beautiful (原级) difficult (原级) more beautiful (比较级) more difficult (比较级) most beautiful (最高级) most difficult (最高级) 7. 常用的不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级: 原级 比较级 最高级 good better best many more most much more most bad worse worst little less least ill worse worst far farther (further)