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1、1有机化学方程式归纳一、取代反应一、取代反应R-H+X2R-X+HXCH4+Cl2CH3Cl+HClCH3Cl+Cl2CH2Cl2+HClCH2Cl2+Cl2CHCl3+HClCHCl3+Cl2CCl4+HCl+ HO-NO2NO2+ H2O+ Br2Br + HBrCH3-CH2-Br + H2OCH3CH2OH + HBr2CH3CH2OHC2H5OC2H5 + H2O二、加成反应二、加成反应CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3CH3CH2=CH2 + H2 CH3CH3CH2=CH2+HClCH3CH2ClCH2=CH2+ H2OCH3CH2OHCHCH+ H2CH2=CH2CHCH+ 2H
2、2CH3CH3CHCH+HClCH2=CHCl+ 3H2RCHO + H2RCH2OHCH3CHO + H2CH3CH2OHOH + 3H2OH(C17H33COO)3C3H5 + 3H2(C17H35COO)3C3H5三、氧化反应三、氧化反应CxHy+(x+)O2xCO2+H2O4y点燃2yCH4+2O2CO2+2H2O2CH2=CH2 + O22CH3CHO2C2H2+5O24CO2+2H2O2C6H6+15O212CO2+6H2O2CH3CH2OH + O22CH3CHO + 2H2O22CH3CHO + O22CH3COOHRCHO+2Cu(OH)2RCOOH+Cu2O+2H2OCH3
3、CHO+ 2Cu(OH)2CH3COOH + Cu2O+2H2OCH3CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHCH3COONH4+2Ag+3NH3+2H2OCH2OH(CHOH)4CHO+2Ag(NH3)2OHCH2OH(CHOH)4COOH+2Ag+4NH3+H2O四、水解反应四、水解反应CH3-CH2-Br + H2OCH3CH2OH + HBrRCOOR+H2ORCOOH+HORRCOOR+ NaOHRCOONa+HORCH3COOC2H5 + H2OCH3COOH + C2H5OHCH3COOC2H5 + NaOHCH3COONa + C2H5OH(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3H2O3C1
4、7H35COOH+C3H5(OH)3(C17H35COO)3C3H5 +3 NaOH3C17H35COONa+C3H5(OH)3(C6H10O5)n+nH2OnC6H12O6（淀粉） （葡萄糖）C12H22O11+H2OC6H12O6 + C6H12O6（蔗糖 ） (葡萄糖) (果糖)C12H22O11+H2O2C6H12O6（麦芽糖） （葡萄糖）(C6H10O5)n+nH2OnC6H12O6（纤维素 ） （葡萄糖）五、酯化反应五、酯化反应CH3COOH + HOC2H5CH3COOC2H5 + H2ORCOOH+HORRCOOR+H2OCH3COOH + H18OC2H5CH3CO18OC2
5、H5 + H2O3C17H35COOH+C3H5(OH)3(C17H35COO)3C3H5+3H2O六、消去反应六、消去反应3CnH2n+1X+NaOHCnH2n+NaX+H2OCH3CH2Br+NaOHCH2=CH2+NaBr+H2OCH3CH2OHCH2=CH2+ H2O七、加聚反应七、加聚反应n CH2=CH2 CH2CH2 n 催化剂八、缩聚反应八、缩聚反应nHO-CH2-CH2-COOH O- CH2-CH2 -C n +nH2O催化剂九、裂化反应九、裂化反应CH4C+2H2C16H34C8H18+C8H16C8H18C4H10+C4H8C4H10C2H6+C2H4C4H10CH4+
6、C3H6十、置换反应十、置换反应2CH3CH2OH + 2Na2CH3CH2ONa + H22OH + 2Na2ONa + H22CH3COOH+2Na2CH3COONa+H2十一、其它反应十一、其它反应OH + NaOHONa + H2OONa + CO2 + H2OOH + NaHCO3CH3COOH+NaOHCH3COONa+H2O2CH3COOH+CuO(CH3COO)2Cu+H2O2CH3COOH+Na2CO32CH3COONa+CO2+H2O有机离子反应有机离子反应2CH3COOH+Cu(OH)22CH3COO+Cu2+2H2O2CH3COOH+CaOCa2+2CH3COO+H2O2CH3COOH+ZnZn2+H2+2CH3COO2CH3COOH+CaCO3Ca2+2CH3COO+CO2+H2OO- + CO2 + H2OOH + HCO3-
