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1、Linking VerbsLEARN MORE oVerbs oVerb Structure oAuxiliary Verbs oLexical Verbs oTransitive Verbs oIntransitive Verbs oLinking Verbs oPractice oQuiz #1 oQuiz #2 A linking verb implies a state of being or condition for the subject, not an action. It links the subject to an equivalent word in the sente
2、nce. In the following examples, the linking verb is bold and the predicate nominative or predicate adjective is underlined. oThe test indicates that Sarah is a genius. oThe subject (SARAH) is linked to a noun that is, in a sense, standing in for her (GENIUS). oToni Morrison was the first African-Ame
3、rican woman to win the Nobel Prize in Literature. oThe subject (TONI MORRISON) is linked to a noun that is of equal weight in terms of description. (WOMAN). A linking verb may connect the subject with a noun: oRoads were a slushy mess on Monday along parts of the East Coast. oROADS is linked to MESS
4、, which is equal in terms of description. oSmoking appeared to be the cause of the blaze. oSMOKING is linked to CAUSE, which restates the subject. oIt was a sad day. oIT is linked to a noun DAY, which restates the subject. A linking verb may connect the subject with a pronoun: oThe book could be his
5、. oThe subject (BOOK) is linked with the pronoun indicating its state of being (HIS). oThe robbery victim pointed and yelled, “That is he.“ oTHAT is linked with HE, which is equal in terms of description. A linking verb may connect the subject with an adjective: oThe writer was proud of her efforts.
6、 oThe subject (WRITER) is linked with her state of being (PROUD). oBefore the show, Malik seemed nervous. oMALIK is linked with NERVOUS, which is equal in terms of description. Although the modifiers following linking verbs may answer the question “what?“ as a direct object does for a transitive ver
7、b, they do not receive any action. oIn federal courts nowadays, every sentence is the same. oWe can ask: Every sentence is what? and the answer is: THE SAME. But, the same is not receiving the action of the verb as with a transitive verb. SAME is restating or indicating the state of being of SENTENC
8、E. oFemale inmates are the fastest-growing subpopulation in prison. oINMATES are what? Answer: SUBPOPULATION. But, the SUBPOPULATION is not being acted upon; it is restating or indicating the state of being of the WOMEN. Typically, linking verbs are a form of the verb TO BE: IS, WAS, AM, ARE, WERE,
9、BEEN In the following examples, the linking verb is bold and the modifier is underlined. oThe crews mission is to create the best topographic map of Earth. oThe subject is MISSION. The linking verb is IS, and the descriptorin this case a predicate nominativeis TO CREATE. oThe solution was judges who
10、 would mete out longer prison sentences. oThe subject is SOLUTION. The linking verb is WAS, and the descriptorin this case a predicate nominativeis JUDGES. oLeonardo said, “I am the king of the world.“ oThe subject is I. The linking verb is AM, and the descriptorin this case a predicate nominativeis
11、 KING. oThe number of minor children with one or both parents behind bars is 1.5 million. oThe subject is NUMBER. The linking verb is IS, and the descriptorin this case a predicate adjectiveis 1.5 MILLION. oLaw-abiding Americans were far less safe in 1980 than in 1960. oThe subject is AMERICANS. The
12、 linking verb is WERE, and the descriptorin this case a predicate adjectiveis SAFE. oSome see this as a societal commitment to imprisonment on a scale that would have been unthinkable a quarter of a century ago in this, or any other, country. oThe subject is THAT. The linking verb is WOULD HAVE BEEN
13、, and the descriptorin this case a predicate adjectiveis UNTHINKABLE BUT, the verb “to be“ does not always mean a linking verb. Forms of the verb TO BE can act as auxiliary verbs for transitive, intransitive and linking verb. The auxiliary verb is not linking but rather helping the main verb. In the
14、 following examples, the auxiliary verb is bold and the lexical verb is underlined. oJuvenile crime has been plummeting since 1995. oauxiliary verb to the lexical verb plummeting (intransitive verb) oNyoko was crossing a bridge when the earthquake hit. oauxiliary verb to the lexical verb crossing. (
15、transitive verb) oMargaret Ann was feeling tired. oauxiliary verb to the lexical verb feeling. (linking verb) The verb TO BE can act as an intransitive verb when what follows it indicates location rather than state of being. This intransitive form of the verb TO BE is easily identified by the prepos
16、itional phrase that follows it. oChanges in the criminal statutes are behind the staggering increase in the incarceration rate oBEHIND signifies location, not state of being. Therefore, the verb is intransitive. oProfessor Freelove has been in a coma since the car accident oIN A COMA indicates a location, not state of being. Although COMATOSE is a state of being, being IN A COMA is not. T
