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1、焊接缺欠 Welding Imperfection赵俭宇 Zhao Jianyu Metals Manufacturing ChinaMetals Manufacturing China 2014Engineers Can Change the WorldEngineers Can Change the World 工程师可以改变世界工程师可以改变世界赵俭宇 术语和定义术语和定义术语和定义术语和定义 Terms and DefinitionsTerms and Definitions赵俭宇 基于国标GB/T 6417-2005 金属熔化焊接头缺欠分类及说明 Base on GB/T 6417-
2、2005 Classification and explanation of imperfection in fusion welded joints基于ISO 5817:2007 钢、镍、钛及其合金熔焊接头缺陷的质量等级基于ISO 5817:2007 钢、镍、钛及其合金熔焊接头缺陷的质量等级 Base on ISO 5817:2007 Fusion welded joints in steel, nickel, titanium and their alloys quality levels for imperfections基于国标GBT3375-1994 焊接术语 Base on GBT
3、3375-1994 Welding terms赵俭宇 焊接缺欠Welding Imperfection： 在焊接接头中因焊接产生的金属不连续、不致密或连接不良的现象。简 称“缺欠”。 Discontinuity in the weld or a deviation from the intended geometry焊接缺陷Welding Defect： 超过规定限值的缺欠。 Unacceptable imperfectionUnacceptable imperfection为了适用广泛范围的焊接制造，本标准提供了三个质量等级，分别用符 号BC和D表示质量等级B对应完工焊接的最高要求可参考CC
4、和号B、C和D表示。质量等级B对应完工焊接的最高要求。可参考CC和 SC焊缝的要求。 Three quality levels are given in order to permit application to a wide fld d f b itiThdit d bb l B Cdrange of welded fabrication. They are designated by symbols B, C and D. Quality level B corresponds to the highest requirement on the finished weld. Consid
5、er the CC and SC.赵俭宇 焊缝厚度 Weld Thickness角焊缝厚度(a) Fillet Weld Thickness (通常也称为焊缝高度，理论喉深，焊缝计算厚度，焊缝有效厚度) 在焊缝截面中，最大等腰直角三角形底边上的高度。在焊缝截面中，最大等腰直角三角形底边上的高度。 In the cross section of the weld, the base-side height on largest isosceles triangle.对接焊缝厚度(s) Butt Weld Thickness 从熔化底部至工件表面的最小距离，该值不大于较薄工件的厚度。 The mi
6、nimum distance from the weld bottom to the surface of workThe minimum distance from the weld bottom to the surface of work piece, the value is not greater than the thin work piece thickness赵俭宇 短缺陷 short imperfection 在焊缝的任何100mm长度范围内总长度不超过25mm;焊缝长度小于 100mm时，总长度不超过焊缝长度25%的一个或多个缺陷。 In 100mm contains th
7、e greatest number of imperfections, its less than 25mm, when the weld is less than 100mm, its less than 25.25mm, when the weld is less than 100mm, it s less than 25.系统缺欠 systematic imperfection 缺欠重复分布于待查焊缝长度内单个缺欠尺寸在规范限度内缺欠重复分布于待查焊缝长度内，单个缺欠尺寸在规范限度内。 imperfections that are repeatedly distributed in th
8、e weld over the weld length to be examined, the size of a single imperfection being within the specified limitsthe specified limits赵俭宇 两个邻近的缺陷，如果相隔距离小于较小的那个缺陷的主要尺寸，则被 认为是同一个缺陷。 Any two adjacent imperfections separated by a distance smaller than the major dimension of the smaller imperfection shall b
9、e considered as a single imperfection.a single imperfection.断裂面 surface crack area 断裂后将做评估的横截面断裂后将做评估的横截面。 Area to be considered after fracture or sectioning.投影区域 projected area投影区域 projected area 由焊缝最大宽度与受检焊缝长度相乘构成的区域。 Area where imperfections distributed along the volume of the weld didtiid tdiill
10、under consideration are imaged two dimensionally.赵俭宇 赵俭宇 赵俭宇 赵俭宇 赵俭宇 赵俭宇 赵俭宇 赵俭宇 赵俭宇 符号 a-角焊缝的公称喉深(角焊缝理论厚度，理论喉深) nominal throat () thickness of the fillet weld A-气孔周边面积 area surrounding the gas pores dA-气孔周边面积的直径 diameter of area surrounding the gas poresdA气孔周边面积的直径 diameter of area surrounding the
11、gas pores b-焊缝余高的宽度 width of weld reinforcement d-气孔的直径 diameter of gas pore h-缺陷尺寸(高度或宽度) height or width of imperfectionh-缺陷尺寸(高度或宽度) height or width of imperfection l-缺陷长度 length of imperfection in longitudinal direction of the weld lp-投影面积或横截面积的长度 length of projected or cross-sectional areaarea
12、s-对接焊缝公称厚度(或在不完全焊透的场合下规定的熔透深度) nominal butt weld thickness 壁厚或板厚lllhi kt-壁厚或板厚 wall or plate thickness 赵俭宇 wp-焊接部分宽度，或者断裂部分的宽度/高度 width of the weld or width or height of the cross-sectional areag z-角焊缝的焊脚尺寸(在直角等腰三角形截面中z=a2) leg length of a fillet weld -焊趾角度 angle of weld toe 焊趾角度 angle of weld toe -
13、角度误差的角度 angle of angular misalignment赵俭宇 焊接缺欠根据其性质和特征可分为六大类： Welding imperfections are six main groups:Welding imperfections are six main groups:1，裂纹 cracks 2，孔穴 cavities 3，固体夹杂 solid inclusions 4，未熔合及未焊透 lack of fusion and penetration4，未熔合及未焊透 lack of fusion and penetration 5，形状和尺寸不良 imperfect shape and dimension 6，其他缺欠 miscellaneous imperfections赵俭宇 第一类：裂纹第一类：裂纹 crackscracks赵俭宇 代号名称及说明示意图代号名称及说明示意图100裂纹裂纹crack100裂纹裂纹crack 一种在固态下由局部断裂产生的缺欠，它可能源于冷却或应力效果 imperfe
