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1、书面表达如何写出好句子？评分标准为：完全完成了试题规定的任务。 覆盖所有内容要点。 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇。 语法结构和词汇方面有些错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高词汇所致； 具备较强的语言运用能力。 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑。完全达到预期的写作目的。以前高考书面表达评分主要是根据要点和语言准确程度而定，因此考生在书面表 达时，也只注重不遗漏要点和正确使用语言知识（如谓语的时态、名词单复数等）这两 个方面，很少考虑或根本不考虑“使用较复杂结构或较高词汇” ，导致最后写出来的东西 千篇一律，缺乏生气，影响了自己的成绩。那么，考生怎样才能在书面表达中避免语句表达单一化，写
2、出好的句子来呢？本文 拟结合新的评分标准，对学生书面表达中的一些语句作一分析，并提出一些写作建议， 以帮助考生写出丰富多彩的句子出来，提高自己的书面表达能力。一、要适当地多使用一些词组、习语来代替一些单词，以增加文采，丰富语句的表现力。 如：【原文】She doesnt like sports. 【修正】She cares nothing for sports.【原文】A new railway is being built in my hometown. 【修正】A new railway is under construction in my hometown.英语习语、词组十分丰富，考生
3、在自己的书面表达中，能适当地使用这些短语， 无疑是一个提高水平的十分行之有效的方法。二、尽量避免过多地重复使用的某一单词，必要时应选择使用其它恰当的同义词或词组 来代替。如：【原文】I like reading while my brother likes watching television. 【修正】I like reading while my brother enjoys watching television.【原文】Weve built a new classroom building besides the old one and weve also built a libra
4、ry where the old playground used to be. 【修正】Weve built a new classroom building besides the old one and weve also set up a library where the old playground used to be.三、要注意使用不同结构、不同长度的句子，尽量使句型多样化，避免单调。如：【原文】There is a new classroom building on one side of the road. There used to be a playground on t
5、he other side before. But there is a library now. There are all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines in the library. There is a new playground in front of the school. There are a lot of trees in and around the school. 【修正】On one side of the road there is a new classroom building. On the other si
6、de, where the playground used to be, now stands another new building our library, in which you can find all kinds of books, newspapers and magazines. The playground is now in front of the school. We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school.原文在语法上并没有什么错误，但由于通篇过多地使用了 there be 结构，不但使得表
7、达 的内容显得单调乏味，而且还给阅卷老师一种“不成熟”的感觉。我们可通过转换句式 来避免句子结构的单一化。同一个意思，可使用不同的表达方法，这样做既可以突出重 点，又能丰富表达，增加文采。四、多使用一些主从复合句来代替简单句，可使书面表达行文更加丰富多彩。如：【原文】We had to go home. 【修正】All we could do was to go home. 【原文】The meal was very nice. We all enjoyed it very much. 【修正】The meal was so nice that we all enjoyed it very m
8、uch. 【原文】I studied Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer at school. 【修正】The main subjects I studied at school included Chinese, maths, English, physics, chemistry and computer.五、改变句子开头方式，不要一味地都是主语开头，接着是谓语、宾语，最后再在句末 加上一个状语。我们可以适当地把一些成分（如状语）提前位于句子的开头，使整个句 子读起来有点跌宕起伏，增加书面表达的表现力。【原文】W
9、e met at the school gate and went there together early in the morning. 【修正】Early in the morning we met at the school gate and went there together. 【原文】The young man pointed to a policeman not far away and said, “He stopped us an hour ago and told us to catch another offender.” 【修正】Pointing to a poli
10、ceman not far away, the young man explained, “He stopped us an hour ago and made us catch another offender.”六、通过合句，将意义相关的几个句子用一定的连接方式连接起来，或通过紧缩，去掉 一些多余的成分，避免冗长累赘、松散无力，以增强句子的连贯性，达到更好的表达效果。如：【原文】We had a short rest. Then we began to play happily. We sang and danced. Some told stories. Some played ches
11、s. 【修正】After a short rest, we had great fun singing and dancing, telling jokes and playing chess.原文并没有明显的语法错误，但读上去不够简洁，显得罗嗦。可把原若干简单句 合并成带有一个共同主语的句子。又如：【原文】Now Zhang Ge Zhuang Primary School has three teachers. They teach 48 pupils. 【修正】Now Zhang Ge Zhuang Primary School has three teachers, teaching
12、48 pupils.【原文】My brother was riding the bike and I sat on the seat behind him. 【修正】My brother was riding the bike with me sitting on the seat behind.七、在整篇文章众多的主谓宾句子结构中，可适当地打破常规，用一些倒装句、强调句 或感叹句，为意思的表达增添一点新意。【原句】My parents praised the dog warmly. It had saved my little sister bravely. 【修正】My parents p
13、raised the dog warmly. It was our brave dog who had saved my little sister. 【原句】The head of the farm showed us around. We were glad to see the crops and vegetables growing very well. 【修正】The head of the farm showed us around. How glad we were to see the crops and vegetables growing so well.八、连接成分起着承
14、上启下的作用，是语义关系过渡的桥梁。有效地使用语句间的连接 成分，可使全文结构紧凑，层次清楚，过渡自然。如：【原文】On the morning of February 8, 2000, at 7:15, I was on my way along Park Road towards the east. I saw an old man come out of the City Park. A yellow car drove up Third Street. It suddenly turned right. It hit the old man. He fell down with a c
15、ry. The car didnt stop to save the old man. It ran away quickly. 【修正】The accident happened at 7:15 on the morning of February 8, 2000. I was walking along Park Road towards the east when an elderly man came out of the park on the opposite side of the street. Then I saw a yellow car drive up Third St
16、reet and make a sudden right turn into Park Road. The next moment the car hit the old man. He fell down with a cry. But the car didnt stop to save the old man. Instead，it drove off at great speed.原文显得支离破碎、层次不明，通过运用一些连接成分或过渡词后，原结构松散 的句子就有机地结合起来，变得上下连贯，浑然一体了。最后，我们还要提醒考生，在使用比较复杂的句型和结构时，一定要注意分寸，应 根据书面表达的内容和篇章结构而定，千万不要弄巧成拙。原文刊登于英语通 高三版2001.6.关闭窗口www.E
