《专八人文指导-英国的形成》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《专八人文指导-英国的形成（2页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、导读：通过实践的顺序来讲述英国形成的一些历史事件！1 William replaced the witan ， the council of the AngloSaxon kings， with the Grand Council of his new tenantsinchief威廉用由他的土地承租人组成的大议会取代了安各鲁撒克逊国王的顾问团贤人会议。2 The Doomsday Book， completed in 1086， was the result of general survey of England made in 1085， and stated the extent ，
2、value， the population， state of cultivation and ownership末日审判书完成于 1086 年，它记录了 1085 年进行的英国总调查结果。此册陈述 了土地的范围、价值、人口、耕种情况和所有权。3 Williams policy towards the church was to keep it completely under his control， but at the same time to uphold its power威廉对教会的政策是完全控制的同时，赞成它拥有权利。4 Henry was the first king of t
3、he House of Plantagenet He took measures to bring the disorders of king Stephen reign to an end亨利二世是金雀花王朝的首位国王。他采取措施结束了史蒂芬森国王统治时期的混乱 局面。5 Henry greatly strengthened the Kings Court and extended with its judicial work He insisted that all clerks charged with criminal offences should be tried in the K
4、ings Courts instead of in the Bishops Court亨利二世大大加强了王室法庭的力量并扩展了司法工作。他坚持被控刑事犯罪的教士 都应在国王法庭受审而不是在主教法庭受审。6 It was these exceptional privileges enjoyed by the clergy that brought King Henry into collision with Tomas Becket， the Archbishop of Canterbury正是神职人员享有的特权导致了亨利国王和坎特伯雷大主教托马斯贝克特之间的冲突。7 Geoffrey Chau
5、cers best known work is the Canterbury Tales which describes a group of pilgrims traveling to Canterbury to visitTomas Beckets tomb杰佛利乔叟的名著坎特伯雷故事集描述了一群朝圣者到坎特伯雷参观托马斯贝克 特坟墓的旅行。8 The barons charter， or Magna Carta， as it came to be known was presented by a delegation of their class to the king and his
6、advisers in the summer of 12151215 年夏天，贵族代表团把他们的宪章后以大宪章闻名递交给国王和他的顾 问团们。10 A committee of 24 barons plus the Mayor of London was chosen to help the king carry out the Charter， with the right of declaring war on him should he break its provisions由 24 名贵族和伦敦市市长组成的委员会帮助国王执行大宪章，若国王违反规定，他们 有权对国王宣战。11 Magn
7、a Carta was a statement of feudal and legal relationship between the crown and the barons， a guarantee of the freedom of the church and a limitation of the power of the king大宪章陈述的是国王与贵族间的封建和法律关系，保证了教会自由和限制了王权。12 While the king Henry and Prince Edward were keep in prison， Simon de Montfort summoned i
8、n 1265 the great council to meet at Westminster which developed later into the Lords and the Commons known as a parliament1265 年当亨利三世国王和爱德华王子被关入监狱，西蒙德孟福尔在威斯敏斯特召集大 议会，大议会发展到后来演变为议会，分为上议院和下议院。13 The statute of Wales in 1284 placed the country under English law and Edward presented his newbornson to th
9、e Welsh people as the Prince of Wales， a title held by the heir to the throne ever since1284 年的威尔士法，使威尔士处于英国法律之下，爱德华一世将他新出生的儿子赠与 威尔士人民，封他为威尔士王子。此后，该称号一直由该王位的继承人沿用至今。14 When Edward claimed the French Crown by the right of his mother Isabella， the French refused to recognize the claim because the Sali
10、c Law debarred females from the succession In 1337 Edward declared a war that was to last a hundred years爱德华三世通过他母亲伊莎贝拉的关系宣布继承法国王位，但法国人民拒绝承认，因 为萨利法典规定女子不得继承王位，于是在 1337 年，爱德华对法宣战，战争持续了一百年。15 Black Death swept through England in the summer of 1348 without warning It killed between one half and one thi
11、rd of the population of England1348 年夏天，黑死病横扫全英国，没有任何征兆，它夺去了三分之一到一半的英国人 口。16 In 1351 the government issued a statute of Laborers which made it a crime for peasant to ask for more wage or for their employers to pay more than the rates laid down by the Justice of the Peace1351 年政府颁布“劳工法令” 。规定农民们涨工资的要求
12、或者雇主支付比地方官制定 的工资水平高的工资都是犯罪。17 Although the Peasant Uprising of 1381， was brutally suppressed， it had farreaching significance in English history It dealt a telling blow to villeinage and a new class of yeomen farmers emerged， paving the way for the development of capitalism尽管 1381 年的农民起义被血腥镇压了，但在英国历史上留下了深远的影响。它沉重打 击了封建农奴制度，产生了全新的自耕农阶级，为资本主义发展铺设了道路 。
