英语句子成分7.19

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1、1英语句子成分英语句子成分构成英语句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分一:英语句子中的主语英语句子中的主语:主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在 there be 结 构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句 话语法: 主语由名词或相当于名词的结构来充当.名词单数形式常和冠词不分家 。例如: 1. During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名

2、词) 2. We often speak English in class.(代词) 3. To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) 4. Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词) 5. The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词) 6.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句) 7. It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it

3、作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) 二谓语谓语:谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在 主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么 乱用 be 动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:He practices running every morning. 2、复合谓语复合谓语:由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。 如: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. 三表语表语:表语用

4、以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词(如 be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、 数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如: 1. Our teacher of English is an American.(名词) 2. It is mine.(代词) 3.The weather has turned cold.(形容词) 4. The speech is exciting.(分词) 5. Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) 6. His j

5、ob is to teach English.(不定式) 7. His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词) 8.The machine must be out of order.(介词短语) 9.Time is up. (副词) 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) 四宾语宾语:宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾 语由名词或相当于名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词 结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如: 1.They went

6、 to see a film yesterday.(名词) 2.The heavy rain prevented me .(代词) 3.How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词) 4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词) 5.He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语) 6.I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语) 27.I think(that)he is fit for his of

7、fice.(宾语从句) 宾语种类:(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语),例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.一人一物做宾 语就是双宾语.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补),例如:They elected him their monitor. 五宾语补足语宾语补足语:英语中有些及物动词,除有一个宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能 使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为:某些及物动词(如 make 等+宾语+宾 补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。例如: 1. His father named him Dongming.(名词) 2.

8、 They painted their boat white.(形容词) 3. Let the fresh air in.(副词) 4.You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语) 5.We saw her entering the room.(现在分词) 6. We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语) 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句) 六定语定语:修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语。 定语

9、可由以下等成分表示: 1.Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词) 2.China is a developing country; America is a developed country.(分词) 3.There are thirty women teachers is our school.(名词) 4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.(代词) 5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.(不定式短语) 6.The teachi

10、ng plan for next term has been worked out.(动名词) 7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.(介词短语) 七.状语状语:修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状 语。可由以下形式表示: 1.Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组) 2.He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语) 3.He is proud to have passed the national colleg

11、e entrance examination.(不定式短语) 4.He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语) 5.Wait a minute.(名词) 6.Once you begin, you must continue.(状语从句) 状语种类如下: 1. How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的 2. Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语) 3. I shall go the

12、re if it doesnt rain.(条件状语) 4. Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语) 5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语) 6.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语) 7. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语) 8. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(

13、结果状语) 39. She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语) 10.I am taller than he is.(比较状语) 英语五种基本句型列式如下:英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一: (主谓) 二: (主系表) 三: (主谓宾) 四: (主谓间宾直宾) 五: (主谓宾宾补)基本句型基本句型 一:一: (主谓)(主谓) 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫 做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 (不及物动词) 1. The sun was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The mo

14、on rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who cares? 管它呢? 6. What he said does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。基本句型基本句型 二:二: (主系表)(主系表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加

15、上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连 系动词。系动词分两类:be, look, keep, seem 等属一类,表示情况;get, grow, become, turn 等属另一类,表示变化。be 本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词 仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错, feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 (是系动词) 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 这是本英汉辞典。 2. The dinner smells good. 午餐的气味很好。 3. He fell in love. 他堕入了情网。 4. Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。 5. He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮 6. The troubleis that they are short of money. 麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7. Our well has gone dry.

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