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1、中学英语宾语从句语法讲解中学英语宾语从句语法讲解宾语从句歌诀宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how 展风采。展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。陈述请你选 that，疑问需用 if/whether 连。特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。留意变脸的 if/when，从句的简化记心间。歌诀解码一、三姊妹宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：1. 由 that 引导的宾语从句。如：We knew （that）we should learn from each other.2. 由 if/whether 引导
2、的宾语从句。如：Please tell me if/whether you have been to America.3. 由 who，where，how 等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？二、三关1. 引导词关如果从句是陈述句，引导词用 that（that 在口语或非正式文体中常省略） ；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用 if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。2. 语序关陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：He i
3、s an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：Does he work hard？I wonder.I wonder if/whether he works hard.When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.3. 时态关如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：I have heard（that）he will come back next w
4、eek.如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：He said that light travels much faster than sound.三、人称的变化和标点的使用1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：“May I use your knife？”He asked me. He as
5、ked me if he might use my knife.“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. He asked me if I know her telephone number.2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：Who will give us a talk？I dont know. I dont know who will give us a talk.Do you know？Where does he live？Do you know where he lives？四、两副面
6、孔if 和 when 既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：If it rains tomorrow，I wont come.（时间状语从句）I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）五、从句的简化1. 当主句谓语动词是 find，see，watch，hear 等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带 to 的不定式或 V-ing 形式。如：She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. She fou
7、nd the wallet lie/lying on the ground.2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree 等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the station？Can you tell me how to get to the station？
