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1、1一般现在时一般现在时一要点提示一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,但是当主语是第三人称单数或者单数名词时,动词的形式要发生变化,其变化规律是:1. 一般动词后加-s, 如:wears, reads, plays, likes, 2.以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾,后加-es, 如:watches, brushes, 3.以辅音字母+o 结尾,一般加-es, 如:goes, does, 4.辅音字母+y 结尾,变 y 为 i,再加-es, 如:worries, carries. Be 动词一般现在时的特殊形态是:am, is, are。Have 的第三人称单数是 has。二用法指南一般现在时的用
2、法1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语:always 总是, often 经常,usually 通常, seldom 很少, never 从不, sometimes 有时(以上频度副词位置放于行为动词之前), every每(放于句首或者句末均可) I leave home for school at 7 every morning.It often snows here.2) 表示现在的状态、特征、能力、性格等。I know him very well.Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.3)
3、 表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。4) 表示客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。The earth moves around the sun.Shanghai lies in the east of China.三. 一般现在时态的肯定形式,否定形式及疑问形式肯定形式是用动词原形,be 动词用 am, is, are, 注:动词的第三人称单数形式的变化;否定形式是在 be 动词后加否定词 not(缩写成 isnt, arent, am 与 not 不能缩写),或者添加助
4、动词 do/does 加 not 再加动词原形(缩写成 dont/doesnt). 疑问形式是把 be 动词或助动词 do/does 提置句首, 动词还原,句末问号,人称上第一人称变第二人称,第二人称变第一人称,第三人称不变。一般将来时一般将来时一要点提示一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用(tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next week (year, term), in (two days), soon, the day after tommorrow 等。二用法指南一般将来时的结构及用法2
5、1) shall/will + 动词原形, shall 用于第一人称,常被 will 所代替,will 用于各人称,表示未来的事实或对将来的预测。Which paragraph shall I read first.?Will you be at home at seven this evening?Students will use computers to learn.2) be going to +动词原形,表示打算,计划要做的事或根据有把握的判断要发生的事。a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow?b. 计划,安排要发生的事。Th
6、e play is going to be produced next month。c. 有迹象要发生的事Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3) be to +动词原形,表示已作出的决定,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4) be about to +动词原形,表示即刻,马上要发生的动作。He is about to leave for Beijing.注意:be about to 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示明确
7、将来时的时间状语连用。Be 动词的形式与主语保持一直。四. 某些将来时结构在用法上的区别 1)be going to 和 will用于条件句时,be going to 表将来; will 表意愿If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.2)be to 和 be going to
8、 be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事;be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)五一般将来时的肯定形式,否定形式及疑问形式肯定形式正常语序,否定形式在 be 动词或 will/shall 后加 not,疑问形式把 be 动词或shall/will 提置句首。现在进行时现在进行时一要点提示现在进行时的结构:be (am, is, are) + 现在分词(即动词-ing 形式) 。动词现在
9、分词的变化规律:1. 一般情况下,动词后直接加-ing,如:working, buying, visiting, 2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,去掉 e,然后再加-ing, 如:taking, having, leaving, 3. 以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写末尾辅音字母,然后加-ing,如:stopping, running, swimming, 4. 特殊变化,3如:lielying.二用法指南现在进行时的基本用法:1) 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在进行或发生的动作。We are waiting for you.2) 习惯进行:表示长期的或重复性的动作,
10、说话时动作未必正在进行。Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3) 表示渐变的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin 等。The leaves are turning red.Its getting warmer and warmer.4) 与 always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。You are always
11、changing your mind.三. 不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue 等。I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, pre
12、fer, mean, understand, love, hate 等。I need your help. He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse 等。I accept your advice.4) 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn 等。You seem a little tired.四现在进行时态的否定形式是在 be 后加 not,疑问形
13、式是把 be 动词提置句首。一般过去时一般过去时一要点提示一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作,动词用过去式(即动词-ed 形式),动词过去式的变化规律:1 一般动词词尾加-ed, 如:walked, looked, finished, 2 以字母 e 结尾的动词后加-d,如:lived, decided, noticed, 3 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词,变 y 为 i,再加-ed,如:hurried, 4carried, 4 以元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed, 如:stopped, stepped。以上是规则变化,还有一些动词的过去式是不规则
14、变化,如:dodid, havehad, bewas/were, swimswam 等,参见初一下英语书后不规则动词表。二用法指南一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。时间状语有:yesterday, last (week, nighr, year), (an hour) ago, in 1982, just now等。Where did you go just now?2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。When I was a child, I often played football in the street.Whenever the Brown
15、s went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome. 3)句型:a. It is time for sb. to do sth “到时间了“ “该了“It is time sb. did sth. “时间已迟了“ “早该了“如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。b. would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示宁愿某人做某事Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish,
16、 wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。三.一般过去时的一些特殊用法1比较:一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义:她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义:她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)2. 注意: 用过去时态表示现在含义,表示委婉语气。1)动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did yo