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1、CM Page 1 of 14 Selected Technical Terms in Mechanics of Materials 材料力学部分专业术语中英文对照 （version 1.0, September 4, 2011） This tabulated list of selected technical terms in mechanics of materials is developed by Changwen Mi to facilitate the students in various engineering majors at the Southeast Univers
2、ity. This file reflects part of our constant efforts in implementing bilingual teaching of a series of undergraduate and graduate mechanics courses hosted by the Department of Engineering Mechanics at the Southeast University. We had made every effort to ensure the accuracy and completeness of this
3、file for the students sake. We, however, make no guarantee of the effects of using this file. Geometric properties of an area 截面几何性质截面几何性质 centroid 形心 centroidal axis 形心轴 first moment of an area 静矩 moment of inertia; second moment of an area 惯性矩 parallel axis theorem 平行移轴定理 products of inertia 惯性积 p
4、olar moment of inertia 极惯性矩 radius of gyration 惯性半径 composite area组合截面 principal centroidal axis主形心轴 principal moment of inertia主惯性矩 principal moments of inertia about centroidal axes 主形心惯性矩 Structural members 构件构件 bar 杆 prismatic bars 等截面直杆 CM Page 2 of 14 shaft 轴 column 柱（只受压缩） thin-walled tubes
5、（闭口）薄壁杆 thin-walled open tubes 开口薄壁杆 pressure vessel 压力容器 beam 梁 neutral surface 中性层 neutral axis 中性轴 simply supported beams 简支梁 cantilever beams 悬臂梁 composite beams 复合梁 overhanging beams 外伸梁 continuous beams 连续梁 fully stressed beams; beams of constant strength 等强度梁 beams of variable cross section 变
6、截面梁 wide-flange beams 工字梁 web 腹板 flange 翼缘 fixed support; clamped support 固定端 pin support 固定铰支座 roller support 可动铰支座 curved beams 曲梁 truss 桁架 frame 刚架 cross-section 横截面 oblique cross-section axis 轴线 rigid joint 刚性结点 CM Page 3 of 14 Loads 荷载荷载/载荷载荷 force 力 force couple 力偶 moment 力矩 moment of a coupl
7、e 力偶矩 unit load 单位力 unit couple 单位力偶 concentrated loads 集中力 distributed loads 分布力 intensity of distributed loads 分布力的集度 surface force 面力 body force 体积力 static loads 静载 dynamic loads 动载 allowable loads 许用荷载 reaction 反作用力 internal forces 内力 axial force 轴力 shear force 剪力 Stress, Strain and Deformation
8、应力应力、应变应变及变形及变形 normal stress 正应力 nominal stress 名义应力 true stress 真实应力 average stress 平均应力 maximum stress 最大应力 minimum stress 最小应力 allowable stress 许用应力 shear stress 剪切应力 CM Page 4 of 14 pure shear 纯剪切 normal strain 正应变 nominal strain 名义应变 true strain 真实应变 shear strain 切应变 deformation 变形 displaceme
9、nt 位移 deflection 挠曲 Common Terms in Mechanics of Deformable Bodies 可变形体力学常用术语可变形体力学常用术语 mechanics of materials 材料力学 strength of materials 材料力学 mechanics of deformable bodies 变形体力学 strength 强度 stiffness 刚度 stability 稳定性 homogeneity/homogeneous 均质/匀质的 continuity/continuous 连续性/连续的 isotropy/isotropic 各
10、向同性/各向同性的 infinitesimal elastic deformation 微小弹性变形 elasticity 弹性 elastic deformation 弹性变形 linearly elastic body 线性弹性体 mechanical properties 力学性质 plasticity 塑性 elastoplastic materials 弹塑性材料 tension 拉伸 compress 压缩 shearing 剪切 CM Page 5 of 14 torsion 扭转 bending 弯曲 buckling 失稳 allowable load method 许用荷
11、载法 allowable stress 许用应力 allowable stress method 许用应力法 method of safety factor 安全系数法 method of discount factor 折扣系数法 factor of safety 安全系数 stress concentration factor 应力集中因数 residual stress / initial stress / prestress 残余应力初应力，预应力 stress distribution 应力分布 equation of equilibrium 平衡方程 method of secti
12、ons 截面法 Other Mechanical Terms 其它其它力学力学术语术语 dimensionless quantities 无量纲量 composite material 复合材料 specimen 试件 elastic-perfectly plastic assumption 理想弹塑性假设 plastic hinge 塑性铰 Axial Loading 轴向荷载轴向荷载 axially loaded bars 拉压杆，轴向承载杆 axial tension 轴向拉伸 axial compression 轴向压缩 axial forces 轴向力 internal forces
13、 内力 method of section 截面法 CM Page 6 of 14 diagram of axial forces 轴力图 stress tensor 应力张量 longitudinal 纵向的 transverse 横向的 Saint-Venants Principle 圣维南原理 stresses on oblique planes 斜截面上的应力 axial deformation 轴向变形 elongation 伸长量 extensometer 引伸计、伸展仪、伸长计 uniaxial stress 单向应力，单轴应力 normal stress 正应力 sign c
14、onvention 符号规定 transverse/lateral strain 横向应变 Tension/compression rigidity 拉压刚度 (EA) stress concentration factor 应力集中系数 Mechanical Behavior of Materials 材料力学行为材料力学行为 gauge length 标记长度 constitutive relations 本构关系（物理方程） Hookes Law 胡克定律 generalized Hooks law 广义胡克定律 stress-strain diagram 应力应变图 Hooks law
15、 of shearing 剪切胡克定律 brittle 脆性 brittle materials 脆性材料 ductile 韧性 ductile materials 塑性材料，韧性材料，延展性材料 plastic deformation 塑性变形，残余变形 creep 蠕变 CM Page 7 of 14 relaxation 松弛 proportional limit 比例极限 elastic modulus; modulus of elasticity 弹性模量 Youngs modulus 杨氏模量 elastic limit 弹性极限 yield stress 屈服应力 yield
16、strength 屈服强度 offset yield stress 名义屈服强度 strain hardening 强化，冷作硬化 ultimate strength, strength limit 强度极限 ultimate stress 极限应力 low carbon steel 低碳钢 cast iron 铸铁 transversely isotropic 横向同性 necking 颈缩 plastic flow 塑性流动 percent reduction in area 断面收缩率 percent elongation 延伸率 bulk modulus 大块模量，体积模量 Poissons ratio 泊松比 Shearing and bearing Stress 剪切和挤压应力剪切和挤压应力 Shear/shearing 剪切 Shear/shearing st
