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1、第十一篇 Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities气候变化给 不备城市带来重大风险 A new examination of urban policies has been1carried out recently by Patricia Romero LankaoShe is a sociologist specializing in climate change and 2 urban developmentShe warns that many of the worldsfast-growing urban areas，
2、 especially in developing countrieswill likely suffer from the impacts of changing climate Her work also concludes that most cities are failing to 3reduceemissions of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse 4 gases Thesegases are known to affect the atmosphere”Climate change is a deeply local issue and
3、poses profound threats to the growing cities of the world,” says Romero Lankao. ”But too few cities are developing effective strategies to 5protect their residents.“ Cities are 6 major sources of greenhouse gasesAnd urban populations are likely to be among those most severely affected by future clim
4、ate change. Lankaos findingshighlight ways in which city-residents are particularly vulnerable, and suggest policy interventions that could offer immediate and longer-term 7 benefits The locations and dense construction patterns of cities often place their populations at greater risk for natural dis
5、asters. Potential8threatsassociated with climate include storm surges and prolonged hot weather. Storm surges can flood coastal areas and prolonged hot weather can heat9 heavily paved cities more than surrounding areas The impacts of such natural events can be more serious in an urban environmentFor
6、 example，a prolonged heat wave can increase existing levels of air pollution ， causingwidespreadhealthproblems Poorerneighborhoods that may 10lack basic facilities such as drinking water or a dependable network of roads ， are especially vulnerable to natural disasters Many residents in poorer countr
7、ies live in substandard housing 11 without access to reliable drinking water， roads and basic services. Local governments, 12therefore,should take measures to protecttheir residents.”Unfortunately ， theytendtomovetowardsrhetoric13rather than meaningful responses, Romero Lankao writes, ” They dont im
8、pose construction standards that could reduce heating and air conditioning needs. They dont emphasize mass transit and reduce14automobile use. In fact, many localgovernmentsare taking a handsoff approach.” Thus, she urges them to change their 15 idle policies and to take strong steps to prevent the
9、harmful effects of climate change on cities. *第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk 快餐加免 费降胆固醇药物可以降低罹患心脏病的风险 Fast food outlets could provide statin drugs free of 1charge so that customers can reduce the heart disease dangers of fatty food, researchers at Imperial College London
10、 2suggest in a new study Statins reduce the 3amount of unhealthy ”LDL” cholesterol in the blood. A wealth of trial data has proven them to be highly effective at lowering a persons heart attack 4risk . In a paper published in the American Journal of Cardiology，Dr Darrel Francis and colleagues calcul
11、ate that the reduction in heart attack risk offered by a statinis5enoughtooffsettheincreaseinheartattackriskfrom 6eating a cheeseburger and drinking a milkshake Dr Francis，from the National Heart and Lung Institute at Imperial College London，who is the senior author of the study, said:”Statins dont
12、cut out a11 of the 7unhealthy effects of cheeseburgers and French friesItsbetter to avoid fatty food altogetherBut weve worked out that in terms of your 8possobility of having a heart attack. Taking a statin can reduce your risk to more or less thesame 9degree as a fast food meal increases it.” “Its
13、ironic that people are free to take as many unhealthv condiments in fast food outlets as they 10like , but statins, which are beneficial to heart health, have to be prescribed. It makes sense to make risk-reducing statins available just as easily as the unhealthy condiments that are 11providedfree o
14、f chargeIt would cost less than 5 pence per 12customer -not much different to a sachet of sugar.” Dr Francis said When people engage in risky behaviours like driving or smoking, theyre encouraged to take 13measures that lower their risk, 1ike 14wearing a seatbelt or choosing cigarettes with filters.
15、 Taking a statin is a rational way of 15loweringsome of the risks of eating a fatty meal Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonelyBut people who were generally 11secure in their relationships would feel less lonely by writing about a comfort food“We have found that comfort fo
16、ods are consistently associated with those close to us“says Troisi“Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others“In 12their essays on comfort food, many people wrote about the 13 experience of eating food with family and friends. In another experiment, 14eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more about relationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food This was a question
