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1、选修选修 7 第第 2 单元单元 Unit 2 不定式的被动语态导学单（不定式的被动语态导学单（3）Unit 2 不定式的被动语态-The Passive Infinitive一、不定式的时态1 He hpes t see (see) u again2I srr t have lst (lse) ur e3 It happened t be raining (rain) hen I gt there4 He appears t have been aiting (ait ) a lng tie不定式有时态的变化，时态共四种，即不定式的一般式、完成式、进行式和完成进行式不定式的一般式表示 动作在
2、谓语动词同时或之后发生不定式的完成式表示_动作在谓语动词之前发生不定式的进行式表示 谓语动词发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行不定式的完成进行式表示 谓语动词发生之前,不定式的动作一直在进行而且可能之后也继续 二、不定式的语态1It is an hnr fr e t be ased (as) t spea here2He thught it an hnr t have been invited (invite) t the part3The bs are nt alled t be taen (tae) ut f the r4 The b is said t have been translat
3、ed (translate) int an languages不定式还有语态的变化, 语态分为 主动语态 和 被动语态。语态 时态主动语态被动语态一般式t dt be dne完成式t have dnet havebeen dne进行式t be ding/完成进行式t have been ding/主动式( t d / t be ding /t have dne/t have been ding)当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的执行者时1 e ant t learn English ell2 Rbert is said _ abrad, but I didnt n hat untr h
4、e studied in(NET99)A t have studied B t stud ade D t ae被动式( t be dne / t have been dne)当不定式逻辑上的主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者时1 He didnt lie t be laughed at2 He laied _in the supper aret hen he as ding shpping esterdaA being badl treated B treating badlt be treated badl D t have been badl treated不定式在句中用主动式还是被动式，多
5、数情况下是容易判别的，但有时的确比较复杂，请注意以下几点：1 在 there be 结构中。在 there be 结构中，用修饰主语的不定式可以用被动形式，也可以用主动形式，在口语中用主动形式的时候更多一些。如：There is n tie t lse (t be lst) 时间紧迫，不能耽误了。 There are still an diffiulties t vere (t be vere) 还有许多困难要克服。 但有时候用主动和被动可分别表示不同的意思。当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某事时，不定式用主动形式，如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须完成，则用被动形式。试比较: There is n
6、thing t d n (e have nthing t d) 我们现在没事干。 There is nthing t be dne n (e an d nthing n) 现在没有什么办法了。 2在“nprn + be + ad + t d”结构中，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。常用的形容词有eas，diffiult，hard，ipssible，nie，pleasant，light，heav，interesting，iprtant，expensive，heap，fit，dangerus 等。He is hard t believe inThe huse is frtable t live
7、in3 在“tt d; enught”结构中，常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。The prble is t diffiult t r utThe huse is big enugh t live in4 在“疑问代词+t d”结构中，常用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。I dnt n hat t d next She ill tell u hih bus t taeD u n h t g ith?4在“ith+n+t d”结构中。ith nthing t d，he la in bedith s an exerises t d，I ant g t the inea动词不定式的逻辑主语在句子中出现
8、I have a letter t tpe tda(I 是 t tpe 的逻辑主语)D u have anthing t sa? (u 是 t sa 的逻辑主语)注意比较：1) D u have anthing t send?2) D u have anthing t be sent? （1）你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式 t send 的动作执行者是 u) （2）你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式 t be sent 的动作执行者是已被省略的 e 或 sene else)注意：若句子的主语并非不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式则必须用被动式6当不定式隐含在 fr sb t d 结构中时。Thi
9、s is the best b t read (=fr usu t read)The iprtant thing t d is t l the dr hen e leave the huse7一些作表语用的不定式的主动形式。常见的这类动词有 let(出租)，rent，hire，blae, t see 等。The huse is t letI felt I as t blaeThe reasn is nt far t see 理由不难找到。8 need /require/ant 表示“需要”时+ t be dne, 和接 v-ing 的主动形式表达含义一致。 我的车需要修理。ar needs r
10、epairing(=needs t be repaired) 9 通常在 believe, suppse, sa, reprt 等动词构成的句子中可以进行主动语态到被动语态以及被动语态和动词不定式的转换如：The sa that ie is si in bed=It is said that ie is si in bed=ie is said t be si in bed 据说麦克卧床不起Exerise:1 Having a trip abrad is ertainl gd fr the ld uple, but it reains_ hether the ill en it A t see
11、 B t be seen seeing D seen2 I hurried t the eeting hall, nl_ that the eeting had been put ffA t tell B t be tld telling D tld3 D let ur ther n all the truth, she appears_ everthingA t tell B t be tld t be telling D t have been tld4 It is said that plastis an be used t_ an things N peple are used t_
12、plastis prduts A ae; using B aing; using aing; use D ae; useith a lt f prbles_, the nel-eleted president is having a hard tieA settled B settling t settle D being settled6 The ban is reprted in the lal nespaper _in brad dalight esterda A t be rbbed B t have een rbbed rbbed D having been rbbed 7 An e
13、xhibitin f paintings _ at the useu next eeA are t be held B is t be held are hlding D ill hld 8 The questin ased b hi is hard _ A t anser B t be ansered t be ansering D fr anser 9 t have been rihA The sa B It is said He is said D That as said 10 atheatis is diffiult _A t learn B fr learning t be lea
14、rned D f learning11 - I ant see the blabard ver ell - Perhaps u need _A t exaine ur ees B t have ur ees exainedt have exained ur ees D t be exained ur ees12 - h d u all ur sn use? - He ants _ b the naeA t all B t be alled t be alling D being alled13 His idea, thugh gd, needs _ utA being tried B t tr tried D t be tried14 -Have u gne t see the dtr?-N, but _A I g B I a ging t see I g t see D I ging t
