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1、中国传统斗戏习俗研究 摘 要 斗戏是通过动物相斗的剧场性表演给民众造成较强心理刺激且往往带有赌博性质的娱乐活动。斗戏的主要种类包括斗鸟、斗鸡、斗鸭、斗鹅、斗马、斗牛、斗羊、斗狗、斗虎、斗蚁、斗蟋蟀、斗鱼等。斗戏具有娱乐性、竞技性、季节性、规则性、模式性的特点。娱乐性和竞技性既是斗戏习俗的特点， 也是斗戏的两个最重要的功能。 此外，斗戏还往往具有盈利性的功能。斗戏经历了萌芽产生、发展成型、繁荣昌盛、限制衰落、再度发展的五个阶段。 研究斗戏习俗具有一定的理论意义和现实意义。首先，可为民间游艺民俗研究提供丰富的资料和一些具有学术价值的观点。其次，有利于我们更好地保护斗戏习俗中的优秀成分， 摒弃其负面
2、功能。 再次，可为斗戏与民俗旅游的结合提供参考。本文应用民俗学、历史学、文化人类学、社会学、心理学、旅游学等学科理论和方法着力于对中国传统斗戏习俗开展较为系统和综合的研究， 在研究范围和一些观点上具有一定的创新性。 通过一系列的阐述和论证，借鉴斗戏曲折发展的历史经验，本文提出了保护斗戏的政策性保护、研究性保护、开发性保护措施；开发斗戏习俗资源应当遵循文化性、特色性、选择性原则,应与民间文化节庆活动、 生态博物馆、 文化主题公园、 乡村旅游相结合的开发思路。 关键词：斗戏，特点，功能，保护，开发 IRESEARCH ON THE TRADITIONAL CHINESE ANIMAL- FIGHT
3、ING GAMES ABSTRACT Animal-fighting game is a form of traditional Chinese entertainment which involves creating a strong psychology impression on the audiences through the fighting of animals, and is typically of a gambling nature. The major types of animal-fighting games include the fighting games o
4、f birds, cocks, ducks ;geese ;horses oxen; sheep; dogs; tigers; ants; crickets and fishes. With multiple characters, animal-fighting game emphasizes both entertainment and athleticism, usually carried out in a certain season of the year, it also has strict rules and specific norms. Entertainment and
5、 athleticism are not only two characters of animal-fighting game, but its most important functions. Besides, animal-fighting game also serves as a way of making profits. There are five stages in the evolution of animal-fighting game, namely the burgeoning stage, the formation stage; the flourishing
6、stage, the decaying stage and the revival stage. IIResearch of the customs of animal-fighting game carries both theoretical and practical implications. For one thing, it can provide rich materials and ideas of academic significance for the study of folk games; for another, it is conducive to the pro
7、tection of the essential part in the traditional animal-fighting games. At last but not least, it can provide reference as to how to integrate animal-fighting games into tourism of urban folklore. This paper offers a systematic and comprehensive study on the traditional Chinese animal-fighting games
8、 by using theories and methodologies of folklore, history, cultural anthropology, sociology, psychology, tourism etc. and it creative in the field of study and the ideas it raises. Through a series of feasibility studies, and the above described，this paper proposed the protection of the protection p
9、olicy, research and protection, development of protective measures for traditional Chinese animal-fighting games; it also come up with the principle that in exploiting the traditional Chinese animal-fighting games, we should put emphasis on their cultural merits and unique characters ,and be selecti
10、ve. And we should follow the guideline of integrating them with folklore festival, ecological museum, culture theme park and countryside tourism. KEY WORDS：traditional Chinese animal-fighting game, characteristics，function, protection, development III目录 引言. 0 1、传统斗戏习俗的定义及相关概念. 1 2、研究传统斗戏习俗的意义. 2 3、对
11、民俗学界以往研究成果的整理和评价. 4 4、本文的研究方法、创新之处及文章结构. 4 一 斗戏的种类及其竞斗过程. 6 1、斗鸟. 6 2、斗鸡. 7 3、斗鸭. 9 4、斗鹅. 9 5、斗马. 10 6、斗牛. 10 7、斗羊. 11 8、斗狗. 12 9、斗虎. 13 10、斗蚁. 13 11、斗蟋蟀. 14 12、斗鱼. 16 二 传统斗戏习俗的起源、发展及影响因素. 17 1、传统斗戏习俗的起源、发展. 17 2、影响传统斗戏习俗发展的主要因素. 19 三 传统斗戏习俗的特点与功能. 21 1、传统斗戏习俗的特点. 21 2、传统斗戏习俗的功能. 23 四 传统斗戏习俗的保护与开发. 27 1、传统斗戏习俗的现状. 27 2、传统斗戏习俗的保护. 28 3、传统斗戏习俗的开发. 31 结语. 36 主要参考文献. 37 注释.
