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1、恒星英语学习网 http:/非谓语动词用法辨析(一)非谓语动词在句中的成分不定式几乎可以充当除谓语以外的所有成分，动名词起名词的作用。现在分词和过去 分词起形容词和副词的作用。(二)非谓语动词在同一成分中用法的辨析 1做主语：-般来说，不定式和动名词成份相同时，表示客观性、一般性行为为多用动名 词表示，而表示一次性、具体性行为则多用不定式。Looking after children is her job.To clean the classroom is his job today. 2做宾语：I like swimming, but I dont like to swim today be
2、cause I dont feel well.(1)有些动词只能接不定式做宾语，这些动词接上不定式，含有明显的主观性和将来 性意义。如： help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan， demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，lo ng，(happen，seem)，等等。He refused to speak on the radio.He desired to see you(2).
3、有些动词只接动名词做宾语，这些动词接上动名词，含有明显的“依据往事或经 验来作出理解和判断“的意思。 mind，finish，enjoy，suggest，permit，appreciate，consider，miss，dislike，keep(on)， avoid，permit，imagine，risk，escape，admit，stand(忍受)，allow，forbid，excuse，等等。短语动词：give up，put off，look forward to，feel like，insist on，object to，preventfrom，set about，cant help，be
4、/get used to 等短语：be worth doing，be no good doing，be no use doing，be busy doing 等The mother did agree to let the boy risk swimming across the river.She cant stand having nothing to do at home.His wife doesnt allow smoking inside the room and often advised him to give up smoking.All the family insiste
5、d on my staying with them a few days longer.Its no good learning without practicing.Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.She doesnt feel like eating anything，being ill for a few days.(3).有些动词后面既可接不定式，又可接动名词，其意义基本相同，区别不大。如； like，love，hate，delay，continue，attempt(企图)，afford(提供)，preferomit(省略)， b
6、egin，start.The Einsteins, however, could not afford to pay for(or：paying for)the advanced education that young Albert needed.I prefer staying (to stay) at home on Sunday.注意：begin 和 start 本身为进行时，或后面动词为心理变化意义的动词时，须接不定 式。When we came in, they were beginning to have supper.After his explanation, I began
7、 to understand it / realize that I was wrong.(4).有些词后面既可以接不定式亦可接动名词，但其意义有很大区别，须特别注意：恒星英语学习网 http:/Aremember，forget，regret 接动名词，表示完成意义(=having done)，接不定式，表 示将来意义：Please remember to bring me the book I want next time.I remember seeing her (=having seen her) somewhere before.Dont forget to write to me
8、soon.I never forget visiting (=having visited) them for the first time.I regret missing that good film last week.(后悔干事)I regret not taking (not having taken) your advice.I regret to say I cant take your advice. (遗憾=be sorry)Bmean：mean to do=want to do 打算，想要；mean doing：意味着，就是I am sorry, I didnt mean
9、to hurt your feelings，I meant to call on you, but I was so busy.Learning a foreign language doesnt mean just working in class.Cstop：stop to do 停下来，要干另一件事，不定式作目的状语；stop doing 停止 干，动名词作宾语。After some time, they stopped walking and had a rest.After walking some time, they stopped to have a rest.Dtry：try
10、 to do，努力，试图干事；try doing：试着干事He searched everywhere and tried to find his key.He came to the city from the countryside and tried to find a job.The mother is out and the boy had to try cooking for himself.They tried to succeed and tried doing their experiments again and again.Ewant，need，require 接动名词表
11、示被动意义，表示“需要、该“；接不定式，表 示“想，要干“The room wants cleaning.The bike requires repairing.These young trees require looking after.The matter needs thinking over.(=to be thought over)A Mr. Wang wants to see you.You dont need to leave so early.Fgo on：go on to do 继续干和原来不同的另一件事，不定式作目的状语。go on doing 继续干原来同一件事，动名词
12、作宾语。After a smoke，he went on telling us that interesting story.After writing his English composition he went on to work out his maths problems.G动词 advise，allow，permit，forbid 后面接单宾语时用动名词，接复合宾语时用动 词不定式。Doctors advise giving up smoking to benefit ones health.The doctor advised him to give up smoking so
13、 as to improve his health.She doesnt allow (permit) smoking in her room.=She doesnt allow (permit)anyone to smoke in her room.Parking is forbidden here.=Any cars not permitted to park here. 3做宾补：不定式可以表示一次性、具体性行为，以及将来意义的行为。现在分词可以表示当时 正在发生的进行意义的行为，亦可表示-个持续时间的延续性的行为动作。过去分词可以表恒星英语学习网 http:/示完成意义的行为或状态，及
14、物动词的过去分词亦有被动意义，不及物动词的过去分词仍 是主动意义。When I came in, I saw her dancing happily.I often hear her sing songs in English in her room.They had the lights burning all night long.I saw Li Ping pass by and enter the next room just now.The mother will have the doctor examine her son again.Tomorrow Ill have my h
15、air cut.When I got home I found the window broken and the thief gone away already.When they returned to their hometown, after an absence of twenty years, they found everything changed. 4做表语：不定式和动名词做表语解释主语内容，且可以和主语颠倒，意思仍然通顺，回答 what 的问题。它们有时存在经常性和一次性行为的区别，分词做表语表明主语的性质、特征和 状态，不能和主语颠倒，可以回答 how 的问题。Her job is cleaning offices.(What is her job?) (Cleaning offices is her job.)Our job today is to clean the office.(=To clean the office is our job today.)The news is very exciting.(How is the news?)They are very tired after a long walk.The doo
