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1、摘 要 II 在 EG 的不同结构位点上；(4) 吸附过程是自 发进行的；增大溶液的 温度， 离子强度和 吸附剂比表面积均 使 EG 对 MO 和 FB 的吸附 量升高 ；(5) EG 上的单组份 吸附和双组份 竞争吸附 过 程 均 可 以 用 准 二 级 模 型 来 描 述 ， 吸 附 速 率 常 数 随 吸 附 过 程 温 度 的 升 高 而 增 大；吸附作用以物理吸附为主。 在双组份竞争吸附中，虽然共存溶质的存在会降低 EG 对吸附质 的吸附量，但由于 这些溶质 会分别吸附在不同的位点上，使 EG 的总吸附性能增加，提高了吸附剂表面的 利用率。 关键词 膨胀石墨 聚乙二醇 染料 竞争吸附
2、 吸附动力学 吸附热力学 Abstract III Abstract Expanded graphite EG is a type of new carbon adsorption material with loose porous structure. The graphite intercalation compound with some atomes and radicles is prepared through electrochemical oxidation methods or chemical oxidation methods using natural leprose
3、 graphite as raw materials. EG is obtained through the instant expand of the graphite intercalation compound. EG were prepared with H 2 SO 4as inserting reagent and KMnO 4as oxidizing agent. Adsorbates (Poly ethylene glycol (PEG) and two kinds of dye) adsorption and competitive adsorption kinetics a
4、nd thermodynamics on EG were investigated. The research showed adsorption, competitive adsorption capacities of two kinds of competition system (PEG with a molecular weight of 10000 and Acid brilliant red 3B (ABR, M=675) with azo-structure, PEG with a molecular weight of 10000 and Auramine lake yell
5、ow O (ALYO, M=318) with diphenyl methane structure) on expanded graphite (EG) .The results are: (1) EG has adsorption capacity for ABR, PEG and ALYO. In the adsorption and competitive adsorption of coexistence systems on EG, the adsorption isotherms are all type I. (2) In the competitive adsorption
6、of dual component system, whether ABR and PEG or ALYO and PEG, the existence of the other component would decrease the adsorbance of EG for ABR, ALYO or PEG, which might be caused by the competitive adsorption of PEG with ABR or PEG with ALYO for the same adsorbing site on EG.While, the total adsorb
7、ances in competitive adsorption are higher than that of single component. (3) Adsorption of PEG, ABR,ALYO on EG are all spontaneous, and the increase of ionic strength, temperature and specific surface area of EG would cause the increase of adsorbates adsorbance. (4) No matter the adsorption of sing
8、le component system, or the competitive adsorption of dual component system, the kinetic models can all be described with pseudo second-order kinetic model. Adsorption rate increases with the increase in temperature. Physical adsorption is the main action between EG with adsorbates. The research for
9、 adsorption, competitive adsorption capacities of EG for Methyl Orange (MO) with azo-structure and Fuchsin basic （FB ） with tritane structure were investigated. The results are: (1) EG has adsorption capacity for both MO and FB. In the adsorption and competitive adsorption of MO and FB on EG, the ad
10、sorption isotherms are all type I. (2) In the competitive adsorption of dual component system, the existence of the other component Abstract IV MO or FB would decrease the adsorbance of EG for FB or MO, which might be caused by the competitive adsorption of MO and FB for the same adsorbing site on E
11、G. (3) The total adsorbances in competitive adsorption are higher than the adsorbance of MO or FB in single system, these adsorbates can also be adsorbed on different adsorbing site. (4) Adsorption of MO or FB on EG is spontaneous, and the increase of ionic strength, temperature and specific surface
12、 area of EG would cause the increase of adsorbates adsorbance. (5) No matter the adsorption of single component system, or the competitive adsorption of dual component system, the kinetic models can all be described with pseudo second-order kinetic model. Adsorption rate increases with the increase
13、in temperature. Physical adsorption is the main action between EG with adsorbates. In dual component system, the existence of the other adsorbate would cause the decrease of single components adsorbance, but it can increase the total capacities of EG, and increase the using rate of EG surface. Keywords Expanded graphite Poly ethylene glycol Dyes Competitive adsorption Adsorption kinetics Adsorption thermodynemic目 录 V 目 录 第 1 章 膨胀石墨概述 . 1 1.1 EG 的结构及性能 . 1 1.2 EG 的应用 . 2 1.2.1 在油污废水中的应用 . 2 1.2.2 处理印染废水 . 4 1.2.3 吸附有毒气体 . 4 1.3 EG 的吸附机理 . 4 1.4 吸附性能的影响因素 .
