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1、嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 1 页 共 10 页 知识点 4 动词及时态 知识概要 动词在语言中是必不可少的一部分。它的语法现象也较多，但在初中范围主要有以下几方面问题。 时态：初中范围主要有一般现在时，一般过去时，现在完成时，现在进行时，将来时与过去 完成时六种时态。 语态：主动语态与被动语态。 助动词和情态动词。 非谓语动词，也 就是不定式，动名词及现在分词、过去分词的用法。时态主要掌握以下几种时态的应用要点和习 惯用法。1 一般现在时：主要有以下三方面， 用来表示状态，特征或不受时间限制的客观存在和真 理。如：Matter exists in three states 物质
2、有三态。又如：The earth moves around the sun 表示 习惯性和经常发生的动作，如：I often go to bed at 9 在时间、条件等状语从句中表示 将来要发生的动作，如：As soon as I get there Ill telephone you.2 一般过去时： 主要用于表达过去时间内发生的动作或存在的状态，如：I was ill last week 过去经常发生的动作或习惯性动作，如：I used to get up at six.3 一般将来时：用于表示将要发生的动作，其构成方式 用ill (shall)+动词原形来表达将来 在某一时间内要发生，
3、或经常、将要发生的动作或状态，如：School will begin on Sepember 1st 用 be going to+ 动词原形，用来表示不久将要发生或打算去作的动作。如： Im going to swim this afternoon be+ 现在分词，也就是用某些动词的现在进行时表示将来，如： Im coming。这些动词只限于：go, come, leave, start, move, sail, arrive, reach, get to 等表示位置移动的 动词。 在状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来。4 现在进行时：用于表示现在正在进行的动作，如：What are you d
4、oing now? 要注意的是表示状 态，情感的某些词没有现在进行时，这些动词有：like, have (有) ，love, know, understand, remember, forget, see, hear, smell, taste, feel, wish hope, expect5 过去将来时：用来表达从过去某时间点上看将要发生的动作，如： He told me he would come to my party 6 现在完成时与过去完成时：现在完成时的两个用处是： 用来表达在过去开始的动作持续 到现在，如：Ive studied English for two years 用来
5、表达过去发生的事但它影响到现在，如： I havent had my breakfast. so Im hungry now 现在完成时与过去完成时的区别在于动作的截止时 间，现在完成时所表达的动作截止于现在，而过去完成时所表达的动作截止于过去。如：I havent seen my old teacher for a long time 我好久未见到我过去的老师了。是指到目前截止。如 果加上一句话，则将变为过去完成时，如：Yesterday I saw my old teacher. I hadnt seen him for a long time. 因为我好久未见他这一情况截止于昨天。还要注
6、意的一个问题是截止性动词可以有完 成时，但不能与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：When I got to school, the class had begun 如果一 定要讲开始几分钟了则要换用表示状态，或延续性动词，如：When I got to school, the class had been on for five minutes 动词的时态一共有 16 种，以 ask 为例，将其各种时态的构成形式列表如下：现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask / asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking
7、 was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 2 页 共 10 页 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 一、考点分析 考点一：时态在状语从句中的考察。 （主要是时态的搭配使
8、用） A、 “主将从现”原则 例 -Ill plan a visit to Hong Kong if it _ tomorrow . - Really ? I think I _with you . A. dont rain , go B. wont rain , go C. isnt rain , will go D. doesnt rain , will go B、一般过去时与三种时态的搭配使用： 一般过去时与过去完成时，一般过去时与过去进行时，一般过去时与过去将来时 例 He was sure that he his wallet in the office . A. left B. w
9、ould leave C. had left D. has left 例 When she _ at the door, my mother _ some washing. A. knocked did B. was knocking did C. knocked was doing D. knocks is doing 考点二：语境中时态的对比使用（主要是时态的区分） A、一般过去时与现在完成时的区别例 -_ you ever _ Tom before ?- No, I _ him just two minutes ago.A. Did, know ; met B. Have, known
10、; have metC. Have, known; met D. Did, know; had met B、一般现在时与现在进行时的区别例 Mr. Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days. A. is writingis writing B. is writing writes C. writes is writing D. writes writes C、一般过去时与过去进行时的区别 例 How did the accident happen? You know, it difficult to see the road cl
11、early because it . A. waswas raining B. washad rained C. isis raining D. wasrained 考点三：延续性动词在时态中与时间状语的搭配使用（主要是在完成时中的使用） A、在特殊疑问句中的考查 例 - How long _ you _England , Sue ?嘉兴英语教学网 收集整理 欢迎使用 第 3 页 共 10 页- Since two years ago.A. have, been to B. have , gone to C. have , been in D. have , moved to B、在句型中的
12、考查 例 It _ two years since he _ the Party. A. is; has joined B. was; joined C. has been; joined D. had been; joined C、在一般过去时与现在完成时之间进行转换中的考查 例 The meeting has been off for two hours . It _since _.The meeting _two hours ago. 3、易错点分析 A、when 引导的时间状语从句中，时态的对比使用问题 例 When I _ the Childrens Palace, the chil
13、dren _ with joy. A. visited was jumping B. was visiting , jumped C. visited jumped D. visited , had jumped 例 My father _in this school when he was 12 years old . A. study B. was studying C. would study D. studied B、主将从现中，一般将来时的表达方式问题 例 My sister to see me . Shell be here soon. A. comes B. is coming
14、C. had come D. came C、回答中动词的重复替代问题例 -_ you _ the text?- Yes, we _ it two hours ago.A. Did, copy; did B. Have, copied; have copiedC. Have, copied; did D. Did, copy; had D、语境的限制问题 例 -Hi! Kelly . I didnt see you at the party. -Oh, I _ ready for the maths exam. A. am getting B. was getting C. got D. have got E、时态中的“ 特殊”对策的原则 例 The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 _Christmas Day. A. is B. was C. has been D. will be F、母语理解干扰的问题 例 - I am so sorry , I _your n
