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1、英语宾语和宾语从句精简讲解 01 宾语讲解 宾语是动作、行为的对象，是动作的承受者。宾语由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的 词、短语来担任。当然,也可以由一个句子来充当,称之为宾语从句；英语的及物动词后必须 有宾语；除及物动词有宾语之外，英语介词后面也要有宾语；某些形容词如 worth,careful 等后也可有宾语；宾语有直接宾语和间接宾语之分。即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语， 这两个宾语统称为“双宾语“ 。 一 不同词类作宾语 1. 名词作宾语Tom, uncle, friend, horse, whale, insect, tree, flower, house, idea, ligh
2、t, honesty,BritishHe speaks Japanese. She is playing the piano now.I dont know the phone number. 2. 代词作宾语me, hers, himself, everybody, that, each other, one another, some, whom, which, fewWe all like him. She doesnt know me. 3. 数词作宾语three, first, two-thirds, percent, quarterGive me four. 4. the+形容词/
3、v-ed/v-ing 结构作宾语。(1) The young should respect the old . (2) They went to help the dying and the wounded. (3) They are searching for the lost . 二 非谓语类作宾语 1不定式作宾语We want a pen. We want to buy a pen. We all like to go to school. 不定式复合结构 what to do , where to go , how to do sth , whether to leavedecide,
4、 know, consider, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain动词+宾语+不定式补语 ask sb to do sthask, beg, choose, expect , hate, intend, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish 2动名词作宾语enjoy, practise, mind, cant help, stop, avoid, suggestWe all like swimming. The boss hates workers co
5、mplaining. 有宾语补足语时 We found it difficult to persuade her. 我们发现很难说服她。 He makes it a rule to get up before dawn. 他习惯于天亮前起床。 三 从句类作宾语I think he is right. Do you understand what I mean? I asked whether there are any chemists shops in this street.Give him whatever he needs. We can rely on whomever we can
6、 trust.She will give whomever needs help a warm support 四 两种带宾语的结构 1一些形容词可有宾语 常用的情感形容词有：sure, afraid ,glad ,pleased ,happy ,worried ,sad ,sorry The book is worth reading. 2介宾结构 Are they listening to the professor? Are they satisfied with us? He passed the exam by cheating. 五 及物、不及物动词与宾语 1. 在完整的句子中,如
7、果谓语动词是及物动词,后面必须接宾语。He cant speak Chinese. 2. 在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是不及物动词,后面除接宾语外,还要接宾语补语。 His mother named him Tommy. 3. 在完整的句子中,如果谓语动词是不及物动词,后面不可接宾语,因为句意已表达完整。 The sun rises in the morning. He arrived in Shanghai. He is listening to the speech. 六 it 用作形式宾语（基本用法） I find it easy to understand the Special En
8、glish.（我觉得理解英语特别节目并不难。 ） I think it no need talking about it with them.（我认为没必要跟他们谈。 ） He makes it a rule never to borrow money. （他立志决不向别人借钱。 ） Did you make it clear why she didnt come? I think it very strange that he goes out walking almost every night. She wont like it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢你迟到。
9、七 双宾语 有些及物动词可接两个宾语（双宾语） ，即指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。 1. 常用句型为 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语。 Give me a cup of tea, please. I bought him a birthday present. I wrote my friend a letter. They teach the newcomers swimming. You dont need to show him how to do it. He has told me where they lives. He always tells his friends that
10、a dog is mans best friends. 2. 下面几种情况，通常要用介词 to 或 for 引起的短语： I. 当直接宾语是人称代词（it them ）时。如： The watch is Li Leis. Please give it to him. 这块手表是李雷的。请把它给他。 II. 当强调间接宾语时。如： Mother cooks breakfast for us every day. 母亲每天都为我们做早饭。 III. 当间接宾语比直接宾语长时。如： On the bus, he often gives his seat to an old person. 他经常把座
11、位让给老人。 由 to 连接间接宾语的动词有：give, lend, bring, show, tell, write, send, hand, teach, offer, sell, promise, pass ,take 等由 for 连接间接宾语的动词有：buy, make, leave, do, choose, order, sing, win, cook, get 等区别 read for sb read to sb 3. 通常要用其它介词引起的短语由 of 连接间接宾语的动词有： ask I will ask him a question. I will ask a questio
12、n of him. 八 同源宾语（Cognate Object） 少数不及物动词能带一个在词根上与动词相同或相近意义的宾语，即同源宾语 1. 能带同源宾语的动词有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, breathe, smile, laugh, fight, run, sing 等。 Under the leadership of the Party, the peasants are living a happy life. 在党的领导下，现在农民们过着幸福的生活。 I dreamed a terrible dream last night. 昨晚，我做了一个恶梦。
13、 Our soldiers fought a wonderful fight against the floods last August. 去年八月份，我们的战士与洪水作斗争，打了一个漂亮仗。 He died a heroic death. 他英勇地死去。 2. 同源宾语前面可带形容词作定语。这时， “动词+ 定语+同源宾语”的结构在意义上相当 于“动词+与定语意义相同的状语” 。二者相比，前者语气更强一些。We slept a comfortable sleep last night. (= We slept comfortably last night.) 我们昨晚睡得很舒服。Profe
14、ssor Smith died a sudden death last Wednesday.（= Professor Smith died suddenly last Wednesday.）史密斯教授上星期三突然去世了。注意：同源宾语前面通常带有定语。fight a good fight breathe a deep breathlaugh a foolish laugh smile a forced smile3. 同源宾语的修饰语是形容词最高级或含有最高级意义时，该同源宾语常可以省去。You should run your fastest （race）.你应该尽快地跑。The old ma
15、n breathed his last（breath）this morning.那位老人今天早晨停止呼吸。02 宾语从句讲解 在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句. 宾语从句分为三类: 动词的宾语从句, 介词的宾语从句 和 形容词的宾语从句. 一. 宾语从句的连接词 从属连词 that,if,whether-that 引导陈述句,而 if 和 whether 引导表示“是否”的宾语从句. 连接代词 who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever 等. 连接代词一般指疑问,但 what, whate
16、ver 除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述. 连接副词 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 等. He told me that he would go to the college the next year 他告诉我他明年上大学. I dont know if there will be a bus any more. 我不知道是否还会有公交车. Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam. 没人知道他是否会通过考试. Do you know who has won Red Alert game? 你知道是谁赢得了红色警报的游戏？ The book will show
