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1、定语从句省略 1. 关系词充当从句的宾语的时候，可以直接省略，而从句不发生任何形式的改 变。 This is the right book that you are looking for. = This is the right book you are looking for. 2. 关系词充当从句的主语时，如果谓语结构为实词，将关系代词进行省略，而 从句中的实词要发生形式的改变。如果原本从句是一个主动语态，可以将动 词直接变成 ing 形式。如果原本谓语动词是一个被动语态，可以直接保留过去 分词。如 Fruit that contains VC can relieve a cold.=F
2、ruit containing VC can relieve a cold. 3. 如果谓语结构为 be+名词，这时，可以将 be 动词同时省略，将后面的名词和 前面从句所修饰的名词构成同位语结构。如 I know Lucy who is the leader of the team.= I know Lucy, the leader of the team. 4. 3.先行词为 the way, 后面的关系代词可以是 that, in which 或者是不加任何关 系代词。如：I like the way you talk. 5. 直接用于介词后作宾语的关系代词 which 不能换成 tha
3、t，直接用于介词后作 宾语的关系代词 whom 不能换成 who。但若介词用于句末，则用作宾语的 which, whom 也可换成 that, who 6. （1）which 用于下列情况：( I )如果引导的是非限定性定语从句; （II）关系代词充当介词的 宾语，且介词位于关系代词之前; （III）先行词本身是 that 等。 （2）that 用于下列情况：( I ) 先行词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much 等不定代词；（II）先行词被 all, any, every, no, little, much, some 等词修饰
4、；（III）先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词 本身是序数词；（IV）先行词被 the only, the very(正是、恰是),the last 修饰；（V）先行词 中既有人也有物；（VI）在 which 或 who 的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句等。另外需要注意： 先行词是 the way，并在定语从句充当状语时，关系代词用 that 或省略，若用 which,其前加 介词 in。 疑问：This was the house in which they lived last year. 是否存在这种方式并正确 This was the house that they lived in
5、last year. 7.当关系词在从句中充当主语时，可以省略，后面的动词发生形式变化 主动语态时，动词变成-ING 形式 被动语态时，动词保留过去分词形式 I know the girl who comes from BJ. I often like reading short novels which were written by Hemingway. I often like reading short novels written by Hemingway. I raise a dog which is named KING. * I raise a dog named KING.
6、I believe the candidate who made the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure to win the support. *I believe the candidate making the speech in the assembly yesterday is sure to win the support. I know the boy who was praised by the teacher. The book which is related to the development has been publ
7、ished recently. They lived in a house facing the south. = They lived in a house which faced the south. The workers working in the factory are well-paid. = The workers who work in the factory are well-paid. = The workers who are working in the factory are well-paid. The tie worn by our head was made
8、in Shanghai. = The tie which is worn by our head was made in Shanghai. The book written by Wang sells well. = The book which was written by Wang sells well. 状语从句省略 1. 主句和从句的主语保持一致，称为分词作状语；省略从句的主语，将后面 的动词发生形式变化，主动语态变成 ing 形式，若是被动语态，则变为 ed 形 式 2. 如前后主语不一致，则称为独立主格结构。 省略方式：关系词（可保留）+动词形式变化（ing-ed） 。 Beca
9、use mum was ill,I didnt go to school. -Mum being ill,I didnt go to school. When he finished his homework,we went out to play. -He finishing his homework,we went out to play.一、时间状语从句中的省略 When (she was) very young, she began to learn to play the piano. 她很小时，就开 始学习弹钢琴。 While (I was) at college, I began
10、 to know him, a strange but able student. 我在上大 学时就开始认识他，一个奇怪但有能力的学生。 When arriving, send me a telegram. (When you arrive, send me a telegram.) 到达之 后，来个电报。Before leaving, turn off all the lights. (Before you leave, turn off all the lights.) 走之 前，请关闭所有的灯。Dont come in until (you are) asked to. 不叫你请你不要进
11、来。 Whenever (it is )possible, you should come and help. 不管什么时候只要有可能就 来帮忙。 You should let us know the result as soon as(it is) possible. 你应尽快让我们知道结 果。注：as 在引导时间状语从句时，没有这种省略现象。我们不可说 As walking, she found a nice shining thing on the ground.二、地点状语从句中的省略地点状语从句的省略常用下列结构：where(ver) possible, where(ver) nec
12、essary,Lay these books where possible you can find them easily. 把这些书放在你可能容易 找到的地方。Put in articles wherever necessary in the following passages. 在下列文章中需要的 地方填入冠词。三、条件状语从句中的省略常用的句型是：if necessary, if possible, if true, if anyone 等。如：Send the goods now if (they are) ready. 货物如果准备好了，请送过来。He will come if
13、(he is) asked. 如果叫他来，他就来。If (it is) necessary, ring me at home. 如果有可能，朝我家里打电话。 Come along with me if (it is) possible. 如果有可能和我一起去吧.。If (it is) true, this will casue us a lot of trouble. 如果是真的，这会给我们带来很多 麻烦。There are few people nowadays, if (there are) any, who remember him. 很少有人能 记起他。You should stay
14、where you are, unless (you are) asked to leave. 你应呆在你现在的 地方不动，除非叫你动。四、让步状语从句中的省略He is a good man, though sometimes (he is) rather dull. 他真是个好人，尽管有时 有点无聊。Even if (I am ) invited to, I wont go to such a bad lecture. 即使邀我去，我都不想 听如此坏的报告。五、比较状语从句中的省略She can play the piano just as wonderfully as you (do).
15、 她钢琴弹的我你弹的一样好。She has finished the work earlier than (it has been ) expected. 她这项工作比预料的提 前完成。六、方式状语从句中的省略as if/as though 后还可加 n./a./ad./介词短语现在分词过去分词不定式。He acts as if (he were) a fool. 他的行为举止好象是个傻子。She talked to the stranger as if (she were) absent-minded. 她和陌生人谈话似乎很不 在意。He opened the desk, as if (he
16、 was) in search of something important. 他打抽屉仿佛 要找一件什么重要的东西。The boy is running impatiently here and there as if (he is) searching for something lost on the sports ground. 这男孩很不耐心地在操场上到处跑着仿佛在找什么东西。The football player is rolling on the ground as if (he is) hurt badly in the leg. 足球运 动员在操场上打着滚似乎他的腿伤得厉害。He moved his lips as if (he wanted )to speak. 他的嘴动着仿佛要说什么。 独立主格结构讲析 吉林省梨树县第二中学 王春忠一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用 于修
