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1、主动语态变被动语态的几个特例 一、含有双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，多数将主动句中的间接宾语变为被动句的主语，直接宾语作保留宾语；也可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语作保留宾语，但这时保留宾语前多加介词 to 或for。如： He gave me a new watch. 1) I was given a new watch. 2) A new watch was given to me. 二、含有复合宾语且宾语补足语是名词的句子变为被动语态时，只能将主动句中的宾语变为被动句中的主语，宾补不可变为主语。如：They call me Jim. I am called Jim.(不可说： Jim is
2、called me.) 三、主语为疑问词的疑问句变为被动语态时，用“By+疑问词（宾格） ”置于句首。如： Who broke the glass? By whom was the glass broken? 四、祈使句变为被动语态时，要改为“Let +原宾语+be+过去分词” 。如：Close the window. Let the window be closed. 五、带宾语从句的复合句变为被动语态时，多用 it 作形式主语置于句首，原宾语从句成为真正主语（从句 ） ，从句中也需用被动语态。如： People said that Lin Feng could take good care
3、 of the baby. It was said that the baby could be taken good care of by Lin Feng. 六、含有谓语动词 know 的主动句变为被动语态时，不用 by 短语，需 by 改为 to。如： We all know the scientist. The scientist is known to us all.J七、no one、nobody 等否定代词作主语的句子变为被动语态时，谓语动词用否定式，不再用原主语，但可加上 by anyone、by anybody等短语。如： No one can lift the heavy
4、box. The heavy box can not be lifted (by anyone). 被动语态改错练习 下列每句均有错误，请改正： 1. The May 4 Movement(运动) was happened in 1919. 2. Who was my book taken away? 3. Was this room cleaned by you and he? 4. When did the sweater bought? 5. She was made sing a second song.( sing 前加 to（在 make, hear, see, watch, fe
5、el 等动词后作宾补的不定式不加 to 。但这些动词构成的被动句中，不定式符号 to 必须加上。） 6. The poor man was saved and gave some money. 7. A science lab is built now.8. I was given by Li Ping two books. 9. A happy life is being lived by us. 10. Something must be did to finish the work on time. 答案： 1. was happened happened 2. 句末加 by 或将原句改
6、为By whom was my book taken away? 3. hehim 4. didwas 5. sing 前加 to（在 make, hear, see, watch, feel 等动词后作宾补的不定式不加 to J。但这些动词构成的被动句中，不定式符号 to 必须加上。 6. gavegiven 此句意为“有人救了那个可怜的人，并给了他一点钱 ”，因此后一个动词也要用被动语态。 7is builtis being built 由now 判断，应用现在进行时的被动语态。 8by Li Ping two books two books by Li Ping . by 短语一般置于被
7、动谓语结构之后，但在含双宾语的主动句变为被动句时，by 短语应置于另一保留宾语之后。9原句改为：We are living a happy life. 主动句宾语为同源宾语时，不可改为被动句。 10diddone 被动谓语结构中的行为动词都有过去分词，而不是过去式。 主动语态变为被动语态的方法一、简单句的主动语态变被动语态 (1) 通常的办法是：将主动结构中的宾语变为被动结构中的主语，将主动结构中的谓语动词变为“be / get +过去分词”形式，将主动结构中的主语变为介词 by 的宾语(若动作的执行者没有必要说明则可以省略该 by 短语)。如：Li Lei planted the tree
8、last year. The tree was planted by Li Lei last year. 这棵树是李蕾去年栽的。 Workers made the machines in Changsha. The machines were made in Changsha. 这些机器是长沙造的。 (2) 将含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时，应将宾语变为被动结构的主语，而宾语的补足语则留在原处成为主语补足语。如： He painted the door green yesterday. The door was painted green Jyesterday. 昨天门被漆成绿色了。 注意
9、：表示“使、让”的动词 make, have 等，以及感官动词 see, watch, observe, feel, hear, listen to, look at 等，在主动语态中，接不定式做宾语补足语时，不定式前的 to 要省略，而变为被动语态时，成为主语补足语的不定式，则必须带 to。如：I saw him go into the teachersoffice. He was seen to go into the teachersoffice. 看见他进入了教师办公室。 (3) 带双宾语的句子变为被动语态时，既可将直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，而在间接宾语前加 to 或 for 留在动
10、词之后；也可将间接宾语变为被动结构的主语，而直接宾语留在动词之后。但一般采用后一种用法。 He gave me the pen last year. I was given the pen last year. / The pen was given to me last year. 这支笔是去年给我的。 【说明】一般说来，间接宾语前带 to 的动词有：bring, give, hand, lend, offer, pass, post, send, show, take, teach, tell, write, throw 等；间接宾语前带 for 的动词有：book 登记, buy, ca
11、ll，get, make, do 等。 (4) 动词 believe, consider 考虑, declare 声明, expect, know, report, say, suppose, think 等的被动语态，常有两种结构形式。如： He was said to get hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。 It was said that he got hurt in the car accident. 人们说他在车祸中受伤了。 (5) 短语动词变被动语态时，短语动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。J如： She has never been op
12、erated on before. 她从未动过手术 The baby was looked after by her sister. 这婴儿由她的姐姐照顾。 His plan was laughed at by everyone. 他的计划大家都嘲笑。 二、复合句的主动语态变被动语态 复合句的主动语态变被动语态时，复合句中的主句和从句都须同时变为被动语态。如： Li Lei told us that the teacher praised him today. We were told that Li Lei was praised by the teacher today. 有人告诉我们说今
13、天李蕾受到了老师的表扬。 主动语态变被动语态的易错点 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，但变间接宾语为主语的情况较多。 主动：Tom gave me a present on my birthday. 我生日那天汤姆送我一件礼物。 被动：I was given a present by Tom on my birthday. A present was given to me yesterday. 注意：如果把直接宾语（指物）改为主语，则在间接宾语（指人）前加适当的介词。 1. 在下列动词后，通常在间接宾语前用介词 to：bring, give, han
14、d, lend, offer, pass, sell, show, take,通 tell 等。2. 在下列动词后，一般在间接宾语前用介词 for：build, buy, cook, cut, choose, do, fetch, find, fix, get, keep, make, order, paint, play, sing等。 主动：Mother made me a new skirt. 母亲给我做了件衬衣。 J被动：A new skirt was made for me. 3. 由于某些动词与介词有习惯搭配，既不用 to 也不用 for, 而用别的介词。如: People all
15、 over the world know the Great Wall. 世界上的人都知道长城。 The Great Wall is known to people all over the world. （不用 by 短语） 4. 有时用间接宾语作主语讲不通或不习惯，必须用直接宾语作主语。如： Tom wrote me a letter 误：I was written a letter by Tom 正：A letter was written to me by Tom 类似的动词还有：return, send, pass, hand, sell, teach 等。 含复合宾语（宾语+宾补）的主动句改为被动句时，一般把主动句中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面成为主语补足语。如： We always keep the classroom clean. 我们总是保持教室清洁。The classroom is always kept clean. 教室总是保持清洁的。 They asked me to help them. 他们叫我帮助他们。 I was asked to help them. 我被他们叫去帮忙了。 We saw them playing football. 我们看到他们在踢足球。 They were seen playing foo
