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1、第 1 页 版权所有 不得复制年 级 高二 学 科 英语 编稿老师 李敏英课程标题 高频词法（八）虚拟语气一校 林卉 二校 黄楠 审核 陈倍香虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、假设或建议等，而不是表示客观存在的事实。一般用于非真实条件句和名词性从句等。虚拟语气是通过动词的特殊变化来表示的。由于虚拟语气表达的是一种与客观事实相反的行为状态，因此其动词的变化形式不同于陈述语气。做题时，应根据所提供的信息准确地判断出虚拟语气的类型，然后再根据其类型的特定表达方式作出应答。虚拟语气在历届高考中占分不多，常以情景交际形式出现，考查重点主要集中在以下几方面：1. 在非真实条件句中，虚拟语气主从句时态和结构的对
2、应问题2. 在非真实条件句中，虚拟语气的倒装问题3. 名词性从句中虚拟语气的用法4. 几种特殊结构中虚拟语气的用法5. 虚拟语气与陈述语气的判定在高考试题中，虚拟语气的考查题型主要是单项选择，要求同学们能够熟练掌握各种虚拟语气的动词形式。一、知识精讲1. 非真实条件句（if 等）中的虚拟语气时间 If 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式表示现在情况 过去式(did)(be 常用 were)would / could / might / should +do表示过去情况 过去完成式(had +done)would / could / might / should +have done表示将来情况
3、 过去式 (did/were)should + dowere to dowould / could / might / should + do【例句】If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug.If I had taken your advice, I wouldnt have made a mistake.If he had been there, it wouldnt have happened.If it should rain to
4、morrow, they wouldnt go for an outing.I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools.第 2 页 版权所有 不得复制If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life.状元典例 1I _ sooner but I didnt know that they were waiting for me.A. had come B. was coming C. would co
5、me D. would have come答案：D思路分析：句意为“我本来可以早点来，但我真不知道他们在等我。 ”but I didnt know表示了过去的时间，因此前句是对过去的虚拟，用主语+should / would / could / might + have done 表达，故选 D。状元典例 2I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official.How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone _ it.A. will h
6、ave stolen B. might have stolen C. should have stolen D. must have stolen答案：B思路分析：考查虚拟语气的用法。句意为“我把我的手提包落在火车上了。但幸运的是，有人拾到交给了铁路部门。失而复得，简直难以置信！我是说，本来可能有人会偷了去。 ”will have done 将来可以完成， must have done 一定做过某事，表示对过去事情的肯定推测，都与题意不符。should have done 本来应该做某事，而实际没做，这就意味着希望有人偷包。might have done 过去可能做过，语气比较婉转或不肯定，根
7、据句意应选B。2. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1) 宾语从句一个坚持： insist 两个命令：order, command 四个建议：advise, suggest, propose, recommend 五个要求：demand , require, request, desire, ask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用 should +动词原形的结构，或者将 should 省略。【例句】We suggested that Tom have a rest.He insisted that I (should )be present
8、.The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day.They requested that we (should) send them to work there.注意：insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气insist i. 表“ 坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; ii.表“坚称,坚持说”, 陈述语气 ,表事实。suggest i.表“ 建议”，虚拟, should + do; ii.表“表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。【例句】The teacher suggested that we (sh
9、ould) practise more after class. The look on her face suggested that she was happy.He insisted that all of us should be there on time by any means. He insisted that he didnt steal the wallet.注意：与以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从第 3 页 版权所有 不得复制句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 即：(should)V 原形相应的名词：order, advice,
10、suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire 等。【例句】My demand is that she should come to see me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.wish 的宾语从句【例句】I wish I were a bird.（现在）I wish I hadnt made such a mistake.（过去）We wish our parents wouldnt punish us
11、. （将来）2）Its necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause，主语从句中的动词要用虚拟语气，即（should）+ 动词原形【例句】It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.It is strange that she refuse to come to the party.Its necessary that we should study hard.状元典例 1Mr. Johnson insisted that the problem worth
12、y of attention _ (讨论) at the meeting. 答案：(should) be discussed思路分析： “insist”引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，从句结构是 “should”（可省略）加动词原形，主语 “problem” 是要“被讨论”。状元典例 2She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him，but he didnt believe it.A. hadnt spoken B. shouldnt speak C. wouldnt speak D. not speak答案：A思路分析：insist 表“坚称,坚持说”
13、,陈述语气,表事实，所以不用 should+动词的原形形式。3. Its (about/high) time +(that)+定语从句【例句】Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed. 4. as if / as though 引导的方式状语从句和表语从句【例句】It seems as if it were spring.I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.5. 特殊句型【例句】I would rather you paid
14、 me now.I would rather you had gone, too.Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.Would you mind if I turned the TV down?状元典例George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but Id rather he_ more第 4 页 版权所有 不得复制on its culture.A. focus B. focused C. would focus D. had focused答案：B思路分析：wo
15、uld rather 后应用虚拟语气，对现在或将来的虚拟都用过去式，此句表示 对将来的虚拟，所以用动词的过去式。二、难点聚焦1. 错综时间的虚拟句通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指的时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.【例句】If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在 )。If
16、we hadnt been working hard in the past few years, things wouldnt be goingso smoothly. （从句指过去，主句指现在） 。If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在） 。If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来） 状元典例 1Maybe if I science, and not literature then, I would be
