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1、主谓一致考点分析考点一、考查主语和谓语形式或意义上的一致(一) 当主语是单数可数名词、不可数名词、(疑问词+)to do结构、动词-ing形式、主语从句、复合不定代词、表单位数量的时间、距离、金钱、重量、复数形式的学科名词(physics, politics)、国家或组织名称(the United States, the United Nations)等,谓语动词常用单数。提示:what引导的主语从句所指的具体内容是复数意义时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。(如:What we need are good doctors.我们需要的是好医生。)如果强调数目,谓语动词用复数。如:More than t
2、wenty years have passed since we graduated. 我们毕业后已经过了二十多年。【考例1】All the scientific evidence _ that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ damaging our health. (2012湖南)A. show; are B. shows; are C. show; is D. shows; is解析:D。evidence与use在句中均为不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式。 【考例2】 Walmart, which is one of the largest
3、 American supermarket chains, _ some of its stores open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays. (2012安徽)A. keeps B. keep C. have kept D. had kept解析:A。Walmart属于专有名词,谓语应用单数形式。 (二) 在“名词代词介宾结构谓语”结构中,谓语动词与名词代词保持一致,介宾结构看作修饰成分。该结构中的常见介词及短语介词有withtogether withalong withas well aslikerather thanbutexceptbesid
4、es / including / in addition to等。【考例】 The famous musician, as well as his students, _ to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. (2013福建)A. were invited B. was invited C. have been invited D. has been invited 解析:B。主语为The famous musician,as well as起修饰作用,根据2012 Taipei Flower Ex
5、po可知,描述的是过去的事,因此用一般过去时。(三) “alla lotplentypartthe restmost /分数/百分数of名词代词”作主语时,谓语动词单复数形式一般取决于of后的名词或代词的数。表示复数概念用复数动词,表示单数概念用单数动词。【考例1】 The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. (2011安徽)A. is B. are C. was D. were 解析:D。which指代前面的the raw materials,为
6、复数形式,因此谓语动词用复数。本句描述过去的事情,因此应用一般过去时。 【考例2】 One-third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people. (2011湖南)A. is; are B. is; isC. are; are D. are; is解析: A。the majority of+可数名词复数结构作主语时,谓语动词常用复数形式。(四)a number ofan average ofa total of等+可数名词复数构成短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;而th
7、e number ofthe average ofthe total of等+名词构成短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用单数形式;“a great(large)small number of,many,a few, few, a good(great) many, dozens of, scores of可数名词复数”结构作主语时,谓语动词应用复数。a little, little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of一般只修饰不可数名词,其谓语动词用单数形式。(如:A great deal of petrol is wasted. )【考例1】 The
8、 number of foreign students attending Chinese universities _ rising steadily since 1990. (2009山东)A. is B. are C. has been D. have been解析:C。本句的主语为The number of结构。【考例2】 Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ in the clothing industry. (2005辽宁)A. is working B. works
9、C. work D. worked 解析:C。句中a large number of作主语,意为“大量的”。 (五)“one of 复数名词” 作主语时,谓语动词通常用单数形式。但 “one of复数名词”结构后接定语从句时,从句中的谓语动词用复数形式;而在“the only/ right/ very one of名词关系代词从句谓语”结构中,从句谓语动词用单数。【考例1】 Barbara is easy to recognize as shes the only one of the women who _ evening dress. (2010全国)A. wear B. wears C.
10、 has worn D. have worn解析:B。从句先行词为the only one of the women,从句谓语动词用单数。 【考例2】 At present, one of the arguments in favor of the new airport _ that it will bring a lot of jobs to the area. (2009江西)A. is B. are C. will be D. was 解析:A。该句是one of.结构充当主语。(六) pairs ofamounts ofquantities of.等构成短语作主语时,谓语动词用复数形
11、式; a pair of(表示一双,一条时)an amount of / a series of构成短语作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。【考例1】 Why does the lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water _. (2009福建)A. have polluted B. is being polluted C. has been polluted D. have been polluted解析: D。该句是quantities of构成的短语作主语,所以谓语动词用复数形式。【考例2】 As a result of des
12、troying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land. (2001上海)A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have解析:B。 a number of后通常接可数名词复数,该句desert 是不可数名词, a large quantity of后面接可数名词复数或不可数名词 ;a quantity of后面加的desert为不可数名词,所以谓语动词用单数形式。(七) and连接并列主语表示同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式,表示不同概念时谓语动词常
13、用复数形式。【考例1】 A poet and artist _ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon. (2006江苏)A. is B. are C. was D. were解析:A。句意:一位诗人兼艺术家明天下午要给我们做关于中国文学和绘画的报告。该题由and连接两个名词作主语,但第二个名词前没有冠词,因此指的是同一人,故谓语用单数形式。注意:由and连接的两个带冠词单数名词,表示复数概念时,谓语动词用复数形式。如: The tenth and the last chapt
14、er were written by his father.【考例2】 Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _ yet. (2007浙江)A. hasnt been decided B. havent decided C. isnt being decided D. arent decided解析:A。 when and where指的是“做讲座的时间和地点”这一个概念,可用单数形式。由yet可知应用完成时态。【注意】如表示不同的概念,则要用复数。如:When the
15、y will start and where they will go have not been decided yet. (八) cattlepolicepeopleclothesgoods以及复数可数名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数形式。(九)单复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词通常根据句意来确定。常见的这类词有deer / fish / means / sheep / species / works等。如: All means have been tried. 各种手段都试过了。 One means is still to be tried. 还有一种手段尚待一试。 (十)主语是集合名词family / government / public / audience等,表示强调整体时谓语动词用单数,如强调个体谓语动词用复数。考点二、谓语动词的形式与邻近的名词一致(一) eitherorneithernor not onlybut alsonotbut/or等连接并列主语时,