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1、 摘要 随着人们生活水平的提高，用微电脑控制的模糊电饭煲已经逐渐走入人们的日常生活。本课题从实际工程出发，对于模糊技术的电饭煲控制系统设计和应用进行了深入的研究。电饭煲是一种典型的模糊对象，其特性随着其装载物的量和种类的不同而大大不同，而煮饭功能则是电饭煲的主要功能，同时也是衡量电饭煲控制系统优劣的关键功能因此，本文在控制系统的软件设计方面重点研究了电饭煲的煮饭功能。准确地判断出米全是电饭煲能够实现最佳控制效果的重要保障。所以，本文着重讨论了在电饭煲煮饭过程中，如何利用模糊推理法进行米量的判断。首先通过大最的前期实验和测试，在具体了解米盆的大小给系统的状态带来的影响的基础上，选用合适的输入变最
2、用“试错法”设计了一种二维的模糊推理机，并详细讨论了其推理过程。鉴于具体推理过程的复杂性，在实际计算过程中使用了 MATLAB 数学工具箱作为计算工具并给出了关键的计算步骤及最终结果.实验结果表明，这种米最判断方法是有效的。作者将此种米量判断方法应用到实际的电饭煲开发中，取得了良好的效果。本文实际设计和实现了一种模糊电饭煲控制器，在系统硬件方面，讨论了模糊电饭煲控制系统的硬件结构。电饭煲是一种典型的消费类家电产品，对其成本控制就显得格外重要，因此，本文重点研究了硬件设计过程中的低成本设计方法。在软件方面，研究了模糊电饭煲控制系统的软件控制流程并给出其流程图，同时重点介绍了根据推理结果设计的米量
3、判断程序的流程，最后，本文针对模糊电饭煲设计和开发过程中参数调整的复杂性问题，提出了一种基于模糊电饭煲参数调整的专家系统。由于在参数调整的过程中同样是利用了煮饭专家的经验，而这些经验是有规律可循的，可以用思路清晰的程序语言表达。因此，用计算机程序代替开发工程师进行参数的调整在理论上是可行的.本文具体介绍了该专家系统的硬件结构框图、工作原理，以及已经设计完成的人机界面。关键词电饭煲:模糊推理;试错法;低成本设计;专家系统AbstractWith the living quality improved, the micro-computer controlled electrical cooker
4、s are getting more and more popular. For practical uses, the design and application of a electrical cooker control system based on fuzzy control technology is studied, which aims at a more effective control strategy.This paper is mainly about the design of a kind of typical fuzzy object-electrical c
5、ooker, whose characteristics not only varies with the quantity of stuff in it but also varies with kind of stuff it is.As the result to estimate the amount of rice in round is crucial for control strategy. This paper discusses how to judge the amount of rice in the cooker if the electrical cooker is
6、 cooking rice. The differences generated by the amount of rice are found out by lots of tests. Two appropriate variables are selected as the inputs of the fuzzy reasoning machine to judge the amount of rice and the method“try and error”is applied. Details of the procedures of reasoning are displayed
7、. MATLAB is used to calculate and the resultfuzzy judging table is given. The method is proven to be effective and has been put to use with good results achieved.The controller of the system of the fuzzy controlled electrical cooker is setup. Both the hardware and the software are described in the p
8、aper. The main structure of the hardware is described in detail and for each parts, a sort of popular circuit module is shown. For electrical cookers are consumptive, the emphasis of the introduction is how to reduce the cost of the hardware. The main software flowchart is show to analysis how the c
9、ooker works. Whats more, procedure of getting the quantity of rice by reasoning is contrived and the main flowchart is shown.With all of these done, the design of a king of fuzzy cooker is still so complicated and hard, so an ES is brought forward in the last chapter to use computers instead of engi
10、neers to do the “try and error”thing. The ES is established on the experience of the skilled electrical cooker engineers, which is complicated but well-regulated and could be written into programs. The configuration of the hardware is shown and the GUI of the ES is given and tells how to use it. Alg
11、orithm to handle with the method of “try and error”is introduced too and the flowchart is given.Keywords : electrical cooker; fuzzy control; try and error; low-cost design; expert system1.1 传统控制理论的局限性及模糊控制理论的产生 .71.1.1 经典控制理论和现代控制理论的局限性 .71.1.2 人工控制的启示 .81.2 模糊控制理论的发展 .101.2.1 基本模糊控制 .101.2.2 自组织模糊控制 .111.2.3 模糊控制工程 .121.3 模糊控制的简单介绍 .141.3.1 模糊控制的研究对象 .151.3.2 模糊控制的特点 .161.4 模糊控制在家用电器中的应用 .162.l 模糊控制系统 .172.1.1 模糊控制系统的组成与特点 .172.1.2 模糊控制系统具有如下优点 .193.1 传统电饭煲的工作原理 .
