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1、11.主谓一致就近原则1.由并列结构或连词（eitheror， neithernor，notbut， not onlybut also， or 等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与靠近的那个名词或代词保持一致。2. 在倒装句和 there be 句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。例句：There is a book and some pens on the desk.桌子上有一本书和几支钢笔。3. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。例句：It is Marys brother who was injured in the car accident. 是Ma
2、ry 的哥哥在车祸中受伤了。 意义一致原则1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入 along with，with，as well as，together with， no less than，besides，except， but， including 等短语时，谓语动词不受这些插入语的干扰，依然和主语保持一致。例句：I, along with my sister, am going to Shanghai next month. 我，还有我姐姐，打算下个月去上海。2. 英语中有一类单、复数同型的词（people，means ，sheep，deer，fish 等） ，其单、复数取决于它在句中的含义。例
3、句：All of the people in the country have been prepared for the great reformation.这个国家的人都已经为大变革做好了准备。3. 多数情况下，由“what” 引导的名词性从句作主语时，其后的谓语动词通常用单数形式。例句：What I want to say is just “ Take care!”.我只想说：“ 多保重！”4. 当主语与 all， none， any，some 等不定代词、形容词连用时，应根据具体句意，来决定其后的谓语动词的单复数。例句：All I know about this company is
4、what he told me yesterday.我对这家公司的了解都是昨天完他告诉我的。5. “+ (of) +名词”结构描述数量时，如果 “of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。例句：Most of the water here is clean.大部分的水是干净的。80% cotton has been sent to America.80%的棉花已经被送往美国。Half of the apples are red.有一半儿的苹果是红的。 6. 词组“a number of， a great/good many， a group of
5、+可数名词复数”的结构作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；如果冠词 a 变为 the，则谓语动词用单数。例句： A number of ancient buildings are destroyed in the war.许多的古代建筑在战争中被毁。The number of the visitors has decreased this year. 游客的数量今年减少了。27. 英语的集体名词（committee, crowd, family, public, group, party, team, class, club, company, union ,clergy, mankind,milit
6、ia,police,people,poultry 等词） ，指代“整体” 时为单数；指代“其中的各成员” 则为复数。例句：My family was very poor when I was a little girl.当我还是一个小女孩儿的时候，我家很穷。My family are all looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。整体原则1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词一律视作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。例句：When to leave has not been decided.什么时候离开还没有定下来。Go shopping
7、on Sunday is one of his habits.周日购物是他的一个习惯。Note：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。例句：What he said and what he did were always different.他所说的和他所做的总是不一样。2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。例句： The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。The novelist and the poet are going to Europe ne
8、xt year.小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。3. 专用名词，如：书名、剧名、报刊名、国家（组织）名等，通常作单数用。例句：The United States was found it 1776.美国成立于 1776 年。4. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。例句：10 minutes is enough.十分钟足够了。5.加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。例句：2 times 3 makes 6. 二乘三等于六。个体原则1. and 连结的两个或多个主语前如果有 each, every, no 等修饰语时（后面的一个有时也可省略） ，后面的谓语动
9、词用单数形式。例句：Every man and every woman is busy at working.每个人都在忙着工作。2. 英语句中的 each， either， neither 等词，既可作代词充当主语，又可作形容词修饰主语，这时的谓语动词一律用单数。例句：Neither of us has been abroad. 我们谁都没出过国。3. 由 some, any every, no 构成的复合词（somebody，nobody，everything，anything 等）作主语时，谓语动词用单数。例句：Somebody is waiting for you at the sch
10、ool gate.有人在学校门口等你。4. many a / more than one + 单数名词，一般接单数谓语动词。例句：Many a man does not understand Einsteins relativity.许多人不明白爱因斯坦的相对论。35. “one and a half + 复数名词”作主语，谓语动词一般用单数。例句：One and a half hours has passed. 一个半小时过去了。6. 成双成对出现的复数名词（glasses， scissors， shoes， trousers，pants ，gloves，stockings 等）作主语时，通
11、常谓语动词用复数，但如果前面有 a /the pair of；a /the suit of 等词语时，则谓语动词要用单数。例句：A pair of scissors is useful tool for a dressmaker.剪刀是裁缝的重要工具。7. 以“-s”结尾的“复数” 名词（例如；一些学科名词 mathematics， physics， politics 等） ，或以 “-s”结尾的地点名词、人名等词后面的谓语动词通常用单数。例句：Mathematics is my favorite subject.数学是我最喜欢的科目1.Economics, several courses o
12、f which I have taken thus far, _ to be difficult but useful for almost all students.A. prove B. proves C. have been proved D. are proved2. A thousand miles no longer _ much to us today, for modern jets can easily get us to a great distance within a matter of a few hours.A. meant B. means C. mean D.
13、will mean3. The secretary and treasurer of our company _ the meeting. A. were to attend B. are to attend C. is attend D. is to attend4. Cattle _ to graze on the village common.A. are allowed B. is allowed C. allows D. allow5. Mathematics as well as other subjects _ a science.A. was B. is C. are D. b
14、elong to6. Either of these young ladies _ perfectly qualified to teach Greek, Latin and French.A. were B. are C. is D. have been7. Large quantities of water _ cooling purposes.A. are needed for B. is needed to C. are needed to D. is needed for8. Copper as well as most metals_.A. is a good conductor
15、B. is a good insulatorC. are good conductors D. are good insulators9. There used to be some trees by the lake, _ ？4A. was there B. were there C. werent there D. wasnt there10. Cattle_ to graze on the village common.A. are allowed B. is allowed C. allows D. allow1.答案B.解析该句考察学生主、谓语一致。其中 several courses of which I have taken thus far 为设置的干扰项。由于主语为表示学科的单数名词，故谓语应是单数形式。2.答案B.解析表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。3.答案D.解析C 项结构错误，可先排除；由 and 所连接的两个名词，如果 and 后面的名词前没有冠词，谓语要用单数。故 D 项为正确答案。4.答案A.解析cattle 是集体名词，在形式上是单数，但在句中往往作复数用，谓语动词用复数。这类名词常见的有：clergy mankind, militia, police,
