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1、河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书1摘 要在经济发达国家，户用热量表的应用己经相当广泛。热量表作为供热公司与用暖用户之间收费的计量依据，不仅已被用户广泛接受，而且能明显地起到节能的作用。热量表的计量是手段，实现合理收费才是目的，采用预付费热量表是供暖体制改革的必然趋势。本设计主要研究的是具有预付费功能网络智能化的IC卡热量表。本文采用了热量计量的科学方法，采用最新的元件和较为先进的电子技术，从软件和硬件不同方面系统的采取多种技术手段，精心设计，极大地降低了仪表的功耗，提高了仪表的测量精度，使仪表具有较高的可靠性，科学的热计量方法，为用暖用户与供热公司之间提供了准确的收费依据；从根本上解决供热公
2、司供热收费难的问题。同时针对市场上的众多预付费热量表的数据安全性不够理想的情况，从IC卡密码安全、卡上数据加密、数据校验等几个方面进行深入工作，提出了一个新的“一卡一密、数据加密、双向鉴别”的综合数据安全方案，该方案简单实用、安全可靠，能有效防止系统数据遭受攻击，为预付费仪表的进一步研究提供了一个新思路。关键词： IC卡、热量表、低功耗、网络通讯、数据安全性、加密。河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书2河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书3ABSTRACTIn economy-developed countries, residential heat meters have gained quit
3、 wide application. Heat meter, as the metering basis for collecting fees between heat supply companies and heat users，not only has been widely accepted by users. As far as our reforming and opening country is concerned, according to international convention, heat-suppling charging by meter is impera
4、tive. Metering by heat meters is only a method, while realizing reasonable charging is our purpose.Furthermore, the use of prepayment heat meters is the certain trend for heat system reform. Despite many kinds of heat meters available in current market,there are different problems, more or less, in
5、them.After making researches on the scientific methods of heat metering, we first use the latest components and the comparatively advanced electronic technology, and then synthetically use many technique methods from different aspects of software and hardware, and finally make an elaborate design, w
6、hich extremely reduces the efficiency cost of the meter, promotes the measuring precision of the meter, and makes it have more reliability. On the other hand, the scientific nature of metering the heat used provides an accurate basis for collecting fees between heating users and heat supply companie
7、s； possessing the prepayment function essentially solves the difficult problem that heat supply companies collect heating fees.In the meanwhile, in view of the situation that the majority of the heat meters on the market havent solved the data security problem perfectly, we make a deep investigation
8、 from the password security of the IC card, encrypting and checking the data on the IC card, and several other topics. We then provide a novel comprehensive data security design scheme that 河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书4characterized by one password per card, data encrypting, and two-way recognizing. This schem
9、e, simple and practical, safe and reliable, is able to efectively avoid the attacks on system data, and provide a new idea for the IC card prepayment meters.Key words: IC card； heat meter； low eficiency cost；data securities ；encrypting recogzing.河南理工大学毕业设计（论文）说明书1目 录1 绪 论 .11.1 课题背景、内容和意义 .11.2 热量表发
10、展现状 .11.2.1 国外热量表发展现状 .11.2.2 国内热量表发展现状 .21.3 本论文的主要研究工作和创新之处 .32 IC 卡热量表总体结构 .42.1 原 理 .42.1.1 热量计算原理 .42.1.2 IC 卡热量表工作原理 .42.2 IC 卡热量表总体结构 .52.2.1 流量传感器 .62.2.2 温度传感器 .72.2.3 电动阀 .72.2.4 CPU 及其他元器件 .72.2.5 IC 卡 .82.2.6 供电方式 .83 硬件部分 .93.1 CPU .93.1.1 低功耗，快速起动和省电模式 .103.1.2 强大的处理能力 .113.1.3 片内 12bitADC.123.1.4 Flash 存储器 .133.1.5 输入输出端口及中断 .143.2 温度测量电路 .153.2.1 温度测量电路原理 .
