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1、1美国总统奥巴马在诺贝尔和平奖颁奖典礼上的讲话美国总统奥巴马 12 月 10 日美国总统奥巴马在挪威首都奥斯陆市政厅发表获得诺贝尔和平奖感言，他指出，这个奖表达出人类的最高理想，并战争有时无可避免，但人类应让历史朝着正义的方向前进，以下是讲话全文：REMARKS BY THE PRESIDENT AT THE ACCEPTANCE OF THE NOBEL PEACE PRIZEOslo City Hall, Oslo, Norway December 10, 2009奥巴马总统在诺贝尔和平奖颁奖典礼上的讲话 挪威奥斯陆市政大厅 2009 年 12 月 10 日Your Majesties,
2、Your Royal Highnesses, distinguished members of the Norwegian Nobel Committee, citizens of America, and citizens of the world:国王和王后陛下，各位殿下，杰出的挪威诺贝尔委员会（Norwegian Nobel Committee）委员，美国公民及全世界公民们：I receive this honor with deep gratitude and great humility. It is an award that speaks to our highest aspir
3、ations - that for all the cruelty and hardship of our world, we are not mere prisoners of fate. Our actions matter, and can bend history in the direction of justice.获此殊荣，我深怀感激并深表谦恭。这个奖表达出我们的最高理想尽管这个世界存在种种凶残困苦，但我们并不任命运摆布。我们的行动是有作用的，能够推动历史向正义方向发展。And yet I would be remiss if I did not acknowledge the
4、considerable controversy that your generous decision has generated. (Laughter.) In part, this is because I am at the beginning, and not the end, of my labors on the world stage. Compared to some of the giants of history whove received this prize - Schweitzer and King; Marshall and Mandela - my accom
5、plishments are slight. And then there are the men and women around the world who have been jailed and beaten in the pursuit of justice; those who toil in humanitarian organizations to relieve suffering; the unrecognized millions whose quiet acts of courage and compassion inspire even the most harden
6、ed cynics. I cannot argue with those who find these men and women - some known, some obscure to all but those they help - to be far more deserving of this honor than I.不过，如果不坦承你们这项厚爱有加的决定所引起的相当激烈的争议，那我就有失疏忽了。 （笑声）其中部分原因是，我在世界舞台上的奋斗才刚刚开始，而不是接近尾声。与曾经获此殊荣的一些历史巨人相比史怀哲（Schweitzer）和马丁 路德 金(King)；马歇尔(Marsh
7、all) 和曼德拉 (Mandela)我的成就微不足道。还有全世界为追求正义而遭到监禁和欧打的男女志士；那些为减轻苦难而在人道组织中艰辛工作的人；那千百万默默无闻地以充满勇气和关爱的无声行动让最悲观的愤世嫉俗者也受到感召的人们。我绝不反驳那些认为这样的男女志士有些知名，有些只为他们所帮助的对象所知 远比我有资格获此殊荣的看法。But perhaps the most profound issue surrounding my receipt of this prize is the fact that I am the Commander-in-Chief of the military of
8、 a nation in the midst of two wars. One of these wars is winding down. The other is a conflict that America did not seek; one in which we are joined by 42 other countries - including Norway - in an effort to defend ourselves and all nations from further attacks.2但与我获奖有关的最深层的问题可能在于我是一个正打着两场战争的国家的三军统帅
9、。其中一场战争已接近尾声。另一场并非是美国挑起的冲突；有包括挪威在内的 42 个国家在与我们共同努力，为的是保护我们及其他所有国家不再遭受攻击。Still, we are at war, and Im responsible for the deployment of thousands of young Americans to battle in a distant land. Some will kill, and some will be killed. And so I come here with an acute sense of the costs of armed confl
10、ict - filled with difficult questions about the relationship between war and peace, and our effort to replace one with the other.然而，我们仍处在战争时期，是我派遣成千上万名美国年轻人远赴战场。有些人要杀射，有些人要被杀射。因此，我是带着对武装冲突的代价的敏锐感觉来到这里的心中充满有关战争与和平的关系以及我们为用和平取代战争而努力的难题。Now these questions are not new. War, in one form or another, appe
11、ared with the first man. At the dawn of history, its morality was not questioned; it was simply a fact, like drought or disease - the manner in which tribes and then civilizations sought power and settled their differences.而这些问题并不新鲜。战争，以这样或那样的形式，随着人类的诞生而出现。在历史初期，战争的道义性无人质疑；它是如同干旱或疾病一样的现实是各个部落以及后来的各种
12、文明谋求权力和解决分歧的方式。And over time, as codes of law sought to control violence within groups, so did philosophers and clerics and statesmen seek to regulate the destructive power of war. The concept of a “just war” emerged, suggesting that war is justified only when certain conditions were met: if it is w
13、aged as a last resort or in self-defense; if the force used is proportional; and if, whenever possible, civilians are spared from violence.后来，随着旨在控制群体内部暴力的规范的出现，哲学家、宗教领袖和政治家也纷纷致力于用条文限制战争的破坏力。“正义战争”的概念由此形成，亦即认为，在符合以下几个具体条件时，战争是正义的：如果战争是最后手段或是为自我防御；如果武力程度适当；以及在一切可能的情况下不对平民使用暴力。Of course, we know that
14、for most of history, this concept of “just war” was rarely observed. The capacity of human beings to think up new ways to kill one another proved inexhaustible, as did our capacity to exempt from mercy those who look different or pray to a different God. Wars between armies gave way to wars between
15、nations - total wars in which the distinction between combatant and civilian became blurred. In the span of 30 years, such carnage would twice engulf this continent. And while its hard to conceive of a cause more just than the defeat of the Third Reich and the Axis powers, World War II was a conflic
16、t in which the total number of civilians who died exceeded the number of soldiers who perished.当然，我们都知道，在人类历史的大部分时间内，这种“正义战争”的概念鲜被理会。人类显然有无穷的能力不断想出新的方式相互残杀，同样也有无穷的能力毫不怜惜那些外貌不同或信仰不同的人。军队之间的战争变成国家间的战争模糊了战斗人员与平民界线的全面战争。这种战争大屠杀曾在 30 年内两度侵吞这块大陆。虽然难以设想还有什么比击败第三帝国（Third Reich）和轴心国（Axis powers）更正义的事业，但在第二次世界大战中死亡的平民总数超过了战死疆场的军人。3In the wake of such destruction, and with the advent of the nuclear age, it became clear to victor and vanquished alike that the worl
