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1、美国文学选读及名篇赏析Selected Readings and Appreciation in American LiteraturePeriod of Romanticism 浪漫主义时期第一二个是实验派诗人Walt Whitman 沃尔特惠特曼(the pioneer of American poem revolutionary):美国诗歌革命的先驱者 The father of free verse 自由诗体之父Leaves of Grass, Song of myself Emily Dickinson :艾米莉 迪金森 Im Nobody Nathaniel Hawthorne:
2、纳撒尼尔霍桑 The Scarlet Letter Edgar Allan Poe 埃德加爱伦坡(Father of detective story, The first American literary theorist): (侦探小说之父,美国第一位文学理论家):哥特小说的继承者与发展者The Fall of The House of Usher; The Purloined LetterMark Twain 马克吐温(the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens) :笔名塞缪尔兰霍恩克莱门斯The Gilded Age; Innocents Abro
3、ad ;The Adventures of Tom Sawyer ;The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Hemingway once said that all modern American literature comes from the book written by Mark Twain )海明威曾经说过,现代美国文学全部来源于马克吐温写的书Modernism period 现代主义时期Ezra Pound 艾兹拉庞德 (the founder of imagism movement):(意象派主义运动创始人)The cantos T.S. Eli
4、ot 艾略特 (Nobel Prize winner 诺贝尔奖获得者) :The Wasted Land (William said that the publish of The Wasted Land like an atom, destroy our world.) Robert Frost 罗伯特弗罗斯特: Mending Wall ;The Birches Eugene ONeil:尤金奥尼尔 (Nobel Prize winner)诺贝尔奖获得者 美国第一个真正的戏剧家Beyond the Horizon ; Emperor Jones; The Hairy ApeF. Scott
5、 Fitzgerald 司各特菲茨杰拉德(typical writer of the lost generation): 迷惘的一代的典型作家（海明威也是）This Side of Paradise: The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway 欧内斯特 海明威(Nobel Prize winner) :The Old Man and the Sea; The sun also rises; A farewell to arms William Faulkner 威廉福克纳(Nobel Prize winner) : The Sound and the Fury; Li
6、ght in August; Abslom, Abslom, Steinbeck 斯坦贝克(Nobel Prize winner) : The Grapes of Wrath ; Of Mice and Men Contemporary period 当代时期Ralph Ellison 拉尔夫埃利森:Invisible Man 黑人文学的里程碑Toni Morrison 托尼莫里森 ( The first black woman writer to win Nobel Prize in 1993) (第一个黑人女作家赢得 1993 年的诺贝尔物理学奖:Song of Solomon; Belo
7、ved; The Bluest Eyes 鼎盛时期Arthur Miller 阿瑟米勒 : All My Sons; Death of a Salesman The Winners of Nobel Prize in Literature诺贝尔文学奖的获奖者Sinclair Lewis (1930)辛克莱刘易斯Eugene ONeil (1936)尤金 奥尼尔Pearl Buck (1938)赛珍珠William Faulkner (1949)威廉福克纳Ernest Hemingway (1954)欧内斯特海明威John Steinbeck (1962)约翰斯坦贝克Saul Bellow (1
8、976)索尔贝娄Isaac Bashevis Singer (1978)艾萨克巴什维斯辛格Toni Morrison (1993)托尼 莫里森一、Edgar Allan Poe(埃德加爱伦坡)西方侦探小说（Father of Detective Story）开山鼻祖Literary Term: Gothic Elements(哥特元素) Allusion(隐喻)Short StoriesThe Tell-Tale Heart泄密的心The Cask of Amontillado阿芒提多拉的酒桶The Black Cat, 黑猫The Pit and The Pendulum掠夺者们 Poems
9、: The Raven乌鸦 Annabel Lee安娜贝尔李To Helen致海伦Lenore 蕾 诺 尔 Elements of Gothic in Poes Fiction 在爱伦坡的小说中哥特式风格的元素Grim setting 阴森背景Other elements of the Gothic 其他哥特式元素的地方Hidden evil 隐藏的邪恶Obsession with Death 迷恋死亡Maniacal Laughter 狂笑The discovered manuscript 所发现的手稿Deformity 畸形An element of Poes style 爱伦坡短篇小说的
10、风格因素Poe uses vocabulary to create setting, for rhetorical effect, rather than for information.Modern horror films use music to create atmosphere; Poe used vocabulary.爱伦坡使用词汇表来创建场景,为了修辞效果,而不是信息。现代恐怖电影运用音乐来制造气氛;坡使用的词汇。1. Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Montresor and Fortunato as contrasts?Poe c
11、haracterizes Mortresor and Fortunado as seemingly contrasting characters chiefly by presenting their identical habit in wine and their different manners towards each other, but actually he intends to show some similarly defective aspects in their nature. The similarity in their nature is also sugges
12、ted by their names as synonyms in Italian: Mortresor means “fortune” while Fortunado “treasure”. Their defective nature is highlighted when the revenger Mortresor, who is fully prepared on psychological and operating levels, throws the hardly prepared but totally deceived wrong-doer Fortunado into t
13、he deep and damp catacomb and blocks up its entrance with huge rocks. 二、Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 - 1864) （纳撒尼尔霍桑）American Greatest Romantic Novelist 美国最伟大的浪漫主义小说家Combined the American romanticism with puritan morals 结合美国浪漫主义与宗教情节 Pioneering psychological novelist 心理小说家的开辟者（因红字）His Major worksTwice-
14、Told Tales 故事新编Moses from an Old Manse古屋青苔(1846)The Scarlet Letter红字(1850)The House of Seven Gables 七个尖角阁的房子(1851)The Blithedale Romance福谷传奇(1852)The Marble Faun大理石神像 (1860)The Triangle Relationship 三角关系Roger Chillingworth 罗杰齐灵渥斯（老公）Arthur Dimmesdale 阿瑟丁梅斯代尔（情人）Hester Prynne 海丝特白兰选择: 除了哪个外是 A 的象征意义T
15、he Symbolic Letter A 字母 A 象征意义A-Adultery 报复 -Avenge 通奸罪-Angel 天使 -Arthur Dimmesdale 阿瑟丁梅斯代尔Techniques of His Works 作品中的技术ambiguity 复义性,含糊（如 A 在作品中的不同含义）symbolism 象征意义supernatural elements 超自然的元素excellent craftsmanship (delicate structure; refined language)工艺精湛(精细结构;精制语言)1. Why is the prison the sett
16、ing of Chapter II? The prison is used as the setting of the story because the execution of Hester Prynne as an infamous culprit is expected to take place here and the sentence of a legal tribunal on her has but confirmed the verdict of public sentiment. In addition, the setting also suggests the tragic fate of the protagonist. 2.Describe the appearance of Hester Prynn
